Methods of Brand Valuation The various methods of brand valuation can be placed into four categories: (1) cost-based approaches; (2) market-based approaches; (3) income-based approaches; and (4) formulary approaches incorporating future benefits or comparative advantages. Cost-based Approaches This method considers the costs involved in creating the brand through the stages of research and development of the product concept‚ market testing‚ continued promotion during commercialization
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strong brand offers many advantages for marketers including: Brands provide multiple sensory stimuli to enhance customer recognition. For example‚ a brand can be visually recognizable from its packaging‚ logo‚ shape‚ etc. It can also be recognizable via sound‚ such as hearing the name on a radio advertisement or talking with someone who mentions the product. Customers who are frequent and enthusiastic purchasers of a particular brand are likely to become Brand Loyal. Cultivating brand loyalty
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relationship between external equity in discussing pay versus benefits‚ and also to investigate the best compensation package (with special focus on external market competitiveness and internal equity) that will be of benefit to recruit and retain productive and motivated staff members. Key words: external equity‚ compensation‚ internal equity‚ motivation CHAPTER ONE 1.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Equity Theory Basically‚ employees
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Debt/Equity Ratio What Does Debt/Equity Ratio Mean? A measure of a company’s financial leverage calculated by dividing its total liabilities by its stockholders’ equity; it indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/debt%2Fequity+ratio ’Debt/Equity Ratio’ A high debt/equity ratio generally means that a company has been aggressive in financing its growth with debt. This can result in volatile earnings
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Private Equity in Nigeria An Overview of Nigerian Venture Capital and Private Equity Private Equity in Nigeria Page 2 CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 NIGERIA COUNTRY ANALYSIS 5 TABLES AND EXHIBITS 7 Private Equity in Nigeria Page 3 Executive Summary1 Nigeria is facing an uncertain future as outbreaks of ethnic and religious violence continue to place strains on Africa’s most populated country. With the 2003 elections approaching‚ the continuing battle amongst incumbent politicians
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2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND BRAND PERSONALITY A brand personality can be defined as the set of human characteristics associated with a given brand. Thus it includes such characteristics as gender‚ age‚ and socioeconomic class‚ as well as such classic personality traits as warmth‚ concern and sentimentality. Brand Personality like human personality‚ is both distinctive and enduring. For example‚ one analysis found Coke to be considered real and authentic whereas Pepsi was
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. Debt and Equity Financing Debt Versus Equity Financing ACC400/University of Phoenix June 13‚ 2011 Debt Versus Equity Financing In the accounting industry financing is an important concept. Many companies would not be operable without acquiring some for of financing options. Although there are many types of financing‚ the two that will be discussed in this paper are debt financing and equity financing. Also this paper will give two examples of each type of financing and discuss which
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BRAND PORTFOLIO METAPHORS BASED ON AAKER’S BRAND PORTFOLIO STRATEGY Kent Dahl kentd@kth.se Different Relevancein Different Contexts Proffesional World Indek/IPD‚ Guest Lecturer Master Thesis‚ Endorsed by Uggla Educational World Educational Music World Professional Music World Music World Internal& ExternalPerspectives What a weak sub‐ brand! Portfolio Roles No‚ it’s a Linchpin brand! Product Defining Roles ProductDefiningRoles
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Private Equity? some of us reading this stories‚ the word private equity may seems a little bit unfamiliar. The definition of private equity by the famous Investopedia is as follows‚ “Equity capital that is not quoted on a public exchange.” Simple isn’t it? Example of private equity in Indonesia is the Orang Tua group. So now we understand about private equity‚ but what’s in it for us finance students? The answer is the Private Equity Firm who specializes in dealing about the private equity. A
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What is a Brand ? Brands were originally developed as labels of ownership: name‚ term‚ design‚ and symbol. However‚ today it is what they do for people that matters much more‚ how they reflect and engage them‚ how they define their aspiration and enable them to do more. Powerful brands can drive success in competitive and financial markets‚ and indeed become the organization’s most valuable assets. A brand is name‚ term‚ sign‚ symbol‚ design‚ or a combination of the above to identify the goods
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