damage if possible. One analysis in the late 1950s concluded that 60-75% of the cost of transporting cargo by sea was made up of portside costs‚ while another study of a specific ship voyage found cargo handling made up about 37% of total costs (Levinson‚ 2006). These costs not only included labor‚ but the loss of time and damage including theft to cargo waiting to be loaded onto a ship while other goods were being unloaded. A cargo ship typically spent as much time in port being loaded and unloaded
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According to William Shultz psychobiography is when one takes historically significant lives and analysis them through psychological theories and research with the intention to undercover and understand their subconscious and conscious motives (Elms‚ 1994). Psychobiography is often accredited to and described as Freudian. “Psychoanalysis emerged out of Freud’s self-analysis combined with analysis of hysterical patients” (Elms‚ 1994). Psychobiography is not always of a Freudian character though‚
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In this essay‚ I will examine Erikson ’s Developmental Theory known as his ’Theory of Psychosocial Development. ’ The focus of this assignment will be centred on the psychological growth during Erikson ’s first three stages of development‚ spanning from birth to the age of four‚ or five. However‚ I will also briefly investigate the later periods of development in order to fully disclose the essence of Erikson ’s groundbreaking theory. Before my onslaught into this‚ the core of this essay‚ I will
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Europe and spent his young adult life under the direction of Freud. In 1933 when Hitler rose to power in Germany‚ Erikson emigrated to the United States and began teaching at Harvard University. His clinical work and studies were based on children‚ college students‚ victims of combat fatigue during World War two‚ civil rights workers‚ and American Indians. It was these studies which led Erikson to believe that Freud misjudged some important dimensions of human development. Throughout this essay‚ Erikson’s
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Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. The paper will focus on the similarities and differences between Freud’s and Erickson’s Psychoanalytical theory. Freud was one of the very first influential psychologists who changed the way we study humans. Erikson recognized Freud’s contributions‚ and although he felt Freud misjudged some important dimensions of human development‚ he was still influenced by Freud‚ which caused some similarities in their theories. When it comes to Freud and Erikson‚ they both shared
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As a sociologist‚ Kai T. Erikson looks at history as a reflection of changes in societal norms and expectations. Erikson re-visits his look at historical happenings of the Puritans in his novel “Wayward Puritans: A Study in the Sociology of Deviance”. By examining several “crime waves” throughout history‚ Erikson points out several aspects of how we see deviance. After researching Puritan lifestyle and the corresponding influences of deviance‚ Erikson explores the Antinomian Controversy‚ the Quaker
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Daniel Levinson was a psychologist who proposed a model of adulthood development based on challenges and predicaments at numerous stages in the life cycle. This was called The Seasons Life Theory. These stages are influenced by many factors such as social and physical environment‚ which include family and work (Robbins et al.‚ 2012). In addition‚ once one stage is completed‚ Levinson’s theory suggests that a new one will begin and therefore create a new life structure. Using Levinson’s understanding
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Introduction: When discussing the development theory‚ Erikson had been the frontier with many major contributions. Unlike Freud and Piaget‚ Erikson’s theory of development focused much more on social interactions. While most of us agreed that children do become toilet-trained between ages one and three‚ Erikson’s theory also went further to acknowledge that children also learn to talk‚ walk‚ feed themselves‚ etc. In order to understand Erikson’s theory of development‚ we need to focus on three
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Erik Erikson’s Psychoanalytic Stages of Development Psych 321 – Erik Homberger Erikson was born in 1902 near Frankfort‚ Germany. During his school years Erikson studied art and a variety of languages‚ rather than science courses such as biology and chemistry. He did not overly enjoy the atmosphere and ideals produced by formal schooling‚ so instead of going to college he traveled Europe for over a year. He then returned to Germany and enrolled in art school. One year later‚ he returned to
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In The Office‚ Michael Scott eventually begins to date his superior‚ Jan Levinson. This relationship starts with a massive red flag when Levinson is embarrassed by dating Scott. This train wreck culminates with a disastrous dinner party hosted by the pair. The two are seen passive aggressively bickering and cleary making their guest horribly uncomfortable. Dysfunctional
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