was set up‚ a heating mantle was placed underneath the round-bottom flask and two rubber hoses were attached to the condensing tube. Now that the instruments were set up‚ the reagents were ready to be weighed and then added. Approximately 5 ml of isopentyl alcohol was added to a 10 ml graduated cylinder. Next‚ a 25 ml round bottom flask was placed on a cork ring and then tared on the balance. The alcohol was then added to the flask and the mass was recorded in a notebook. 7 ml of acetic acid was then
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Preparation of an Ester Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) OBJECTIVE: To become familiar with the techniques and principle of esterification. DISCUSSION: Aspirin is a drug widely used as an antipyretic agent (to reduce fever)‚ as an analgesic agent (to reduce pain)‚ and/or as an anti-inflammatory agent (to reduce redness‚ heat or swelling in tissues). Chemically‚ aspirin is an ester. Esters are the products of reaction of acids with alcohols‚ as shown in the following equation using
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mol) in a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The mixture was carefully swirled in an ice bath to ensure that the two concentrated acids were thoroughly mixed together. In a second 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask‚ acetanilide (1.0 g‚ 0.0074 mol) was dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid (1.5 mL‚ 0.0281 mol) by having the acid slowly added to the solid while the mixture was swirled. Heating with a hot plate was also required to dissolve the acetanilide. When all of the solid had dissolved‚ the flask was cooled in an
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titrating the vinegar with the now known concentrated base‚ the concentration of the acetic acid can be determined. Materials and Methods All materials were gathered including a buret‚ graduated cylinder‚ stopcock‚ phenolphthalein‚ an Erlenmeyer flask‚ sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric solution. The buret and graduated cylinder were
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Enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions but they themselves are not consumed or altered when doing so. These catalysts work best at optimum temperatures and pH’s. The temperature and pH at which the reaction occurs the quickest is the ideal condition for the enzymatic reaction. Alpha amylase converts starch into glucose and when starch is combined with I2KI indicator a dark purple solution forms. As the enzyme breaks down the starch the absorbency will decrease. The absorbency
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Chirality – Isolation of Limonene from Citrus Fruits Introduction: Terpenes are a large and varied class of hydrocarbons produced by a wide variety of plants. Many essential oils belong to the terpene class. They are made up of two or more five carbon units that are called isoprenes. Limonene is a terpene that can be separated from orange peels almost 100% in the (R)-(+)-limonene form. Other citrus fruits like lemons‚ grapefruits‚ limes‚ and tangerines contain the compound as well. The
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sodium carboxylate salt in most case sodium stearate being formed‚ however this salt depends on the base being used. In the experiment 23ml of vegetable oil was mixed with 20ml of ethyl alcohol along with 20 ml of 25% sodium hydroxide in a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask. The content was then heated on a water bath whilst gently mixing with a glass rod. After 20 minutes of heating the alcohol scent disappeared denoting the completion of the reaction with pasty mass comprising of soap‚ glycerol and excess sodium
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Synthesis of Aspirin and Oil of Wintergreen INTRODUCTION: Synthesis and use of organic compounds is an extremely important area of modern chemistry. Approximately half of all chemists work with organic chemicals. In everyday life‚ many if not most of the chemicals you come in contact with are organic chemicals. Examples include drugs‚ synthetic fabrics‚ paints‚ plastics‚ etc. Synthesis of Aspirin and Methyl Salicylate. The two compounds we will be preparing‚ aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and oil
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Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness Kayla Partridge Britni Gonzales 09/15/2014 Abstract Determining the water hardness of unknown sample #55 was determined by complexometric titration. With the use of disodium salt EDTA as the solution to chelate the metal impurities and the Eriochrome Black T indicator as the solution used to help visualize when the impurities were completely chelated‚ along with a few other solutions to help the reaction. Unknown water sample #55 experimental
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CHEM3412 Synthesis of a Porphyrin Porphyrins are hetereonuclear‚ macrocyclic compounds that play an important role in living organisms. Examples include the non-protein heme portion of hemoglobin in animals whereby the lone pairs on nitrogen can bind to the oxygen-carrying iron. In plants‚ chlorophyll uses the vast conjugation to allow absorption of light for photosynthesis. The characteristic colors of porphyrins is also due to the conjugation. An examination of the porphyrin structure
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