CJC 112 Criminology Exam IV Study Guide 1. Social Process Theories suggest that crime is the end product of factors such as inappropriate socialization and social learning. 2. Conflict Theories suggest that crime is the result of class struggle. 3. A culture is made up of a smaller group of people than a subculture. True or False? 4. A shoplifter who claims she is not really a criminal because "no one really got hurt" and "the shop can afford it" is employing the denying injury technique of neutralization
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Purpose of Paradigms and Theory Sociology has different ways of approaching the world and ideas in it ● Each one has its own assumptions‚ and own perspective on how to explain a particular social problem or phenomenon Theories are explained of the relationship between two or more concepts ● Theories provide a way for organizing facts about some phenomena ● Theory : A statements of how and why particular facts are related There are three major paradigms in sociology : ● Structural Functionalism
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Chapter 1 Sociology -The Study of Human Behavior in Society The Classical Sociological Thinkers • Auguste Comte: Introduced the term “sociology” / Founder Catalyst for‚ “modernism”: the belief in evolutionary progress through the application of science • Alexis de Tocqueville: A French social theorist. Believed that democracy can either enhance or erode individual liberty. • Karl Marx: Believed that class was the organizing principle of social life; all other divisions would eventually
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CHAPTER 1 THINKING SOCIOLOGICALLY Sociology = A science. The ’social’ matters and our lives are affected by our place in the social world. 3 Characteristics of Sociology A science NOT common sense Systematic – Uses the systematic scientific method Interested in group behavior and trends – On a larger scale than the individual 2 Categories of Research Micro – Focuses upon the interaction of individuals in groups Macro – Focuses upon institutions in society and the global
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Chapter 4: Socializing The Individual Section 1-Personality Development: Nature Vs. Nurture; Inherited genetic traits vs. environment & social learning Personality: is the sum total of behaviors‚ attitudes‚ beliefs‚ and values that are characteristics of an individual. It determines how we react in specific situations. What determines personality and social behavior? -Heredity: the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to children. -Social environment (contact with other people)
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Long Essay Foucault and Goffman Key points: - Introduction:- Include a quote in the introduction which will link both Foucault and Goffman’s work. Goffman’s work on Asylums and Foucault’s work on Folie et deraison. Talk about the main points which I am going to include in this assignment. E.g. disciplinary power‚ asylums and resistance etc. (theory of rituals) Explain that I am going to critically compare Goffman and Foucault and write one sentence on both Goffman and Foucault theories. For
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humans interact. The use of the word dramaturgical analogy was expressed by Ervin Goffman who began to explore social situations‚ throughout his writings he refers back to an analogy of the theatre‚ as well as other comparisons to a everyday settings such as hospitals and restaurants ’American medical organisations ’ (Goffman‚1990:p.38) to support his ideas and introductions of his new terminology. The main idea in Goffman ’s writings is how a person learns to ’perform ’‚ (interact) which he believes
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Society began its transition from traditional ways to present day living in the 1800’s‚ and sociology was the reason for this transition. Four events led to the creation of sociology. Skepticism is one of the events that led to the creation of sociology arises from the French and American Revolution. This idea led peoples to disbelief in the monarchy being a divine nature. The ideas were Individualism‚ democracy‚ and freedom. The second event was the start of the industrial revolution‚ which brought
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the shaping of social relationships. For the purpose of this paper‚ I thoroughly examined the theories of "Self-perception" and "Social perception "I decided to focus on the views given by Sociologist’s Erving Goffman and Charles Darwin throughout chapter four. According to sociologist Erving Goffman‚ social interaction should be compared to a theatrical performance‚ with the members of society playing the roles of actors or actresses. Performers often worry and stress prior to going on stage. They
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Critical appreciation: Erving Goffman; The presentation of self in everyday life. Erving Goffman was one of the most important Sociologists in the 20th century who focussed his study on aspects of social life. It is often argued that Goffman was “one of the twentieth century’s most remarkable practitioners of social science” (Smith‚ 2006:1). He was born on the 11th June 1922 in Alberta‚ Canada. His parents were Jewish and part of the group of Ukrainians who moved to Canada before the beginning
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