part of the scientific method is to make an observation and the observation here is the microcin-producing Enterobacteriaceae found in human stool. The follow-up to this observation was to ascertain an in vivo function for microcins by studying Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) and its relationship with related competitors in the gut. The first method that was used to conduct the experiment was the intra-gastric inoculation of the specific-pathogen-free mice with an equal mixture of a mouse-commensal
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treated with heat‚ he was able to develop a mixture that contained no virulent bacteria yet killed all of the subjects it was tested on. This was a great breakthrough in the field of biotechnology. The bacteria chosen in this experiment is E-coli. Escherichia coli has become a "model organism" for studying many of life’s essential processes. Due to its rapid growth rate‚ simple nutritional requirements‚ well established genetics and completed genomic sequence‚ more is now known about E. coli than any
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using Sal I enzyme and pGEM for shotgun cloning Introduction: The ultimate goal of this experiment is to isolate the lux operon‚ a targeted piece of DNA that causes bioluminescence‚ from Aliivibrio fischeri and insert it into the DNA of Escherichia coli in order to make it glow. A. fischeri is a gram-negative bacteria which participates in a symbiotic relationship with many marine organisms (Perry et al.‚ 2005). This particular bacterium has the feature of bioluminescence‚ which is regulated
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Enumeration of Bacterial Contamination in Hamburger Meat from Unknown Sources C March 6‚ 2012 The importance of bacterial enumeration has become even more apparent in recent years due to the increasing numbers of harmful bacteria found in meat products. This process is the key to understanding the populations of microorganisms that contaminate the food supply. Much of the bacteria in meat has been shown to be resistant to multiple drugs; so disease-causing microbes
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Abstract Three tests were performed to determine the identity of unknown number 34‚ a gram stain‚ citrate utilization test‚ and a urease detection test. These tests are explained in detail‚ and the method of performing the tests is described. The tests showed that the bacterium was gram-negative bacilli that did not utilize citrate‚ and the ability to hydrolyze urea using urease. These results indicate that the identity of unknown number 34 is Proteus mirabilis. Introduction Proteus mirabilis is
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Title: Chapter 7: Bacterial Growth Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to observe the bacterial growth of Escherichia coli under various conditions. Physical factors and nutritional requirements determine the overall concentration of the bacteria. Along with the use of a spectrophotometer and the technique of serial dilution‚ countable colonies can be obtained. Results are plotted on a semi-log graph in order to observe the different growth curves corresponding to optical density (cell
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1 THE LURIA-‐DELBRÜCK EXPERIMENT The Luria-Delbrück Experiment Henry Paige University College Freiburg 2 THE LURIA-‐DELBRÜCK EXPERIMENT Abstract This paper discusses Luria and Delbrück’s 1943 Fluctuation Test. Historical background is first addressed to contextualize the experiment and define the theories‚ ideas‚ and discussions relevant at the time of the experiment. A brief summary of biologists’ knowledge and attitudes towards bacteria is explained through contemporary quotes. The two main
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Some researchers focus on specifics areas and bodies of waters to test‚ while others even focus on protocols involved in testing water. Discussion of the time consuming process of testing for coliforms is discussed in “Comparison and Recovery of Escherichia coli and Thermotolerant Coliforms in Water.” They describe the process as “laborious and time consuming”‚ and they illuminate on the fact many variables can affect the results (Alonso‚ Soriano‚ Carbajo‚ Amoros‚ & Garelick‚
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Candida utilis are currently used to produce glutathione on an industrial scale. At the molecular level‚ the genes gshA and gshB‚ which encode the enzymes γglutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase‚ respectively‚ have been cloned from Escherichia coli and over-expressed in E. coli‚ S. cerevisiae‚ and Lactococcus lactis. It is anticipated that‚ with the design and/or discovery of novel producers‚ the biotechnological production of glutathione will be further improved to expand the application
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Druga gimnazija Sarajevo IB Middle Years Programme Biology Molecular biology Cloning AOI: AtL‚ HI‚ C&S Teacher: Elvira Kukuljac Class: I2 MYP ¸ Cloning is process of creating object which has exact genetic material as another one.1 It is very interesting field of biology for scientists as well as other people‚ but we still do not know much about
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