The wild type and the mutant type strains of Halobacteria were used in this experiment to examine the phenotypic differences against each strain’s genotypes. The mutant strain (KBT-1) did not possess gas vesicles‚ which decreased its ability to float to the surface. The lack of gas vesicles in the mutant strain made the colonies a red color. The wild type strain (NRC-1) had gas vesicles and appeared a pink pigment color. Growth on the agar allowed one to examine the specific colonies. Inoculation
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Bacterial vaginosis‚ or simply BV‚ is a prevailing vaginal infection in women. BV is an illness that outcomes in vaginal discharge and are a consequence of overgrowth of usual bacteria in the vagina. There are numerous kinds of bacteria that live naturally in the vaginal region. The vaginal discharge results when numbers of various species of bacteria grow large such that their numbers exceed the natural balance (Bacterial Vaginosis Researchomatic). The reasons for the specific vaginal bacterial
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a. The bacteria that causes botulism are found in soil‚ water‚ animal guts and dung. When the spores exposed to low oxygen and certain temperature‚ they produce botulinum toxin‚ able to germinate‚ metabolize‚ food sources through an aerobic respiration to produce toxin. The toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine from motor nerve endings causing paralysis symptoms. The botulism either food born‚ eating contaminated home-canned foods where the fermentation takes place. or through abrasion in the
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Clostridium difficile Type of microorganisms - Harmless or even beneficial - under normal circumstances. But when something disturbs the balance of organisms in the intestines‚ the bacteria are harmless can grow out of control and cause infection. Bacteria shooting toxins that attack the lining of the intestines‚ causing a condition called Clostridium difficile colitis. Taxonomy Phylum Firmicutes‚ Class Clostridia‚ Order Clostridiales. Family Clostridiaceae‚ Genus Clostridium. Historical synonym:
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1. Salmonella enteritidis is a gram-negative bacterium that causes food-borne illnesses‚ and is the most commonly known serotype of Salmonella. It is a constant problem because of the misuse of antimicrobials in farms‚ disease treatment‚ growth promotion in domestic livestock‚ and the increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Current research is being conducted with bacteriophages because they have been identified as a prospective alternative bio-control method to control Salmonella contamination
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The level of periodontal break down depends on the balance between destructive and protective inflammatory mediators. While periodontal bacteria are required for infective periodontal disease‚ individual response determines disease progression. In vitro‚ it has been found that individual response is affected by genetic signaling pathways that affect the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (23‚ 25). Risk factors for periodontitis In the past‚ it was believed
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B. Cereus about Your Health Emily Parkhurst 02/28/2013 Michael Wu “I have complied with all rules if academic integrity while preparing this report.” Results: Bacteria Survival Rate after being emerged in Boiling Water Amount of Bacteria Surviving Time E. Coli S. Marcescens B. Cereus 0 Seconds ++++ ++++ ++++ 10 Seconds +++ +++ +++ 30 Seconds ++ 45 Seconds 60 Seconds + 300 Seconds + Table 1: ++++ = the highest amount surviving‚ + = the least amount
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Unknown Organism Report Unknown Organism # 4 Klebsiella pneumonia Klebsiella pneumonia has a rod gram stain with the agar slant cultural characteristics being slimy‚ white‚ somewhat translucent‚ raised growth. It is small gram-negative coccobacilli that can cause lobar pneumonia. The litmus milk reaction is acid‚ gas‚ and curd with a variable reaction. Klebsiella can grow either in the presence or absence of oxygen because of its nature of being a facultative anaerobe. Oxygen is a preferred energy
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PLASMID DNA ISOLATION‚ RESTRICTION ENZUME DISGESTION AND AGAROSE GEL ELECTRIPHORESIS Abstract: The gel is covered with an ion- containing buffer‚ such as (TAE)‚ that controls the pH of the system and conducts electricity. overall DNA concentration was lower than expected. Using agarose gel electrophoresis is to separate and visualize the DNA fragment‚ which is produced by restriction enzymes . Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to measure the size of the fragments of DNA and separate
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Introduction A mutator strain is one that lacks certain repair methods when a mistake is made during DNA replication. The strain of E. coli that was used in this lab‚ XL-1 Red Mutator‚ lacked three different repair methods used to correct mistake in DNA replication. If a mistake occurred‚ the E. coli would not be able to make repairs via DNA polymerase backtracking‚ mismatch repair‚ or oxo-dGTP hydrolysis. The E. coli will still be able to use the other ways to repair mistakes including SOS
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