Material and methods Hosts ‚ plasmids and chemicals E. coli TOP10 strain was used for cloning and proliferation. E.coli BL21 DE3 was used as expression host cell. The pET 28a(+) plasmid was employed for gene expression. All chemicals were obtained from Merck Company (Germany). Codon optimization and gene synthesis Sequence encoding V-domain was obtained from Swiss-port‚ Uniprot KB and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases. 6x His-tag sequence was placed at N-terminal
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Enterococcus faecalis is a gram positive‚ commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other mammals [1].E. faecalis can cause life-threatening infections in humans. Moreover‚ the antibiotic resistance exhibited at high levels by E. faecalis contributes to its pathogenicity [2]. Several reports state that enterococcal species possess the property of causing a variety of diseases in humans [3‚ 4]. It is known from previous studies that Enterococcus faecalis can cause endocarditis
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FISH FISH stands for Fluorescence in situ hybridization. FISH is a technique in the lab used to see where a DNA sequence or certain gene is located in an individual’s genome. This allows scientists to look for genetic conditions caused by alterations in chromosomes. FISH can be used to find distinct features in DNA for genetic counseling‚ species identification‚ and medicine. It can also be used to find certain RNA points in cells and tissue samples. FISH is used on blood samples or any other cell
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Conclusion In part A of this experiment‚ we transformed the bacteria into an antibiotic resistant form by inserting a plasmid into it. We used heat shock in order to make the bacteria capable to uptake a plasmid in the presence of calcium ions that help disrupt the cell membrane (heat shock is the combination of altering hot and cold). When they are capable of accepting plasmids‚ the bacteria are incubated with plasmids that carry the resistance to a particular antibiotic‚ in this case ampicilin
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The effects of black tea on the growth of E. coli bacteria cultures Kierstin Barker‚ Melissa Bischak‚ Jackie Tyszkiewicz‚ Errin Enany September 25‚ 2012 Abstract: This study was carried out in order to investigate whether black tea has antimicrobial properties as stated in Steven Johnson’s The Ghost Map. If tea does have antimicrobial properties‚ then it could aid in warding off waterborne diseases. We believed that if black tea is steeped in boiled water‚ then the amount of bacteria exposed
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Lab: Sampling Bacteria Purpose: Refer to handout sheet. Materials: Refer to handout sheet. Procedure: Refer to handout sheet. Pre-Lab Questions: 1. Why is one dish being reserved for the class as a "control"? Having a controlled variable is important in order to be able to look at what the bacteria would look like if it hadn’t been contaminated and just left as agar. Having a sample of agar that wasnt exposed to any bacteria will provide a clear picutre of what grew on the agar
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Directions: Read the article‚ “A Summary of Health Outcomes: Multistate Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in the U.S.‚ 1998-2007‚” and answer the questions below. • Answers must be complete sentences. • The assignment must be typed and submitted on Tuesday‚ February 19th prior to the exam. 1. What is a multistate FBDO? Multistate FBDO is a outbreaks that either spread to other states or originate from the same vector in multiple states at the same time.
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LAB 5: Coliform bacteria in surface waters I. Introduction Many organisms‚ including humans‚ have symbiotic bacteria in their guts that aid digestion. Symbiosis is an intimate relationship between different organisms in which both the host organism‚ e.g. the human‚ and the symbiote‚ e.g. bacteria‚ benefit from each other. In this case‚ the bacterium gets a favorable environment and food source in the intestines of a human. In return‚ these bacteria improve the digestibility of food through
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Having the ability to collect and identify unknown microorganisms is vital in health and medicine. This capability is important for a variety of reasons‚ such as knowing the causative agent of disease‚ knowing if the microorganism obtains any beneficial properties and knowing the correct microorganism to use to create a successful antibiotic. Implementing the experimental methods learned thus far in the microbiology laboratory allowed an unknown bacterium to be identified as a result of this study
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Transformation Efficiency is Dependent Upon Plasmid Grant Zarrinmakan‚ Berkley Kruschke‚ Erika Lawrence. Wed/Fri‚ D-Block‚ 12-January-2015 Introduction Transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake of exogenous DNA from its surroundings. By doing this lab‚ we will answer the essential question: What influences transformation efficiency? Although there are many possible influences‚ our hypothesis is that plasmid has a positive influence. To test this hypothesis
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