Public debt indicates the amount of outstanding debt instruments that are issued by the government anytime during the past but not yet repaid. (Seater‚ 2008) Incurring public debt is a regular phenomenon in managing fiscal and the monetary policy of an economy leading to governments borrowing money from local and international institutions to cover the public deficit. (Kumhof and Tanner‚ 2004) Mostly the lenders to the government are the financial intermediaries of the country where Kumhof and Tanner
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Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) or consumer packaged goods (CPG) are products that are sold quickly and at relatively low cost. The term FMCGs refers to those retail goods that are generally replaced or fully used up over a short period of days‚ weeks‚ or months‚ and within one year. This contrasts with durable goods or major appliances such as kitchen appliances‚ which are generally replaced over a period of several years. FMCG have a short shelf life‚ either as a result of high consumer demand
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Management Accounting IMPORTANCE OF RATIO ANALYSIS Ratio analysis is a tool used by individuals to conduct a quantitative analysis of information in a company’s financial statements. Ratios are calculated from current year numbers and are then compared to previous years‚ other companies‚ the industry‚ or even the economy to judge the performance of the company. Ratio analysis is predominately used by proponents of fundamental analysis. The ratio analysis is one of the most important tools
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 * Profitability ratio ---------------------------------------------------------- 6 * Liquidity ratio -------------------------------------------------------------- 9 * Gearing ratio --------------------------------------------------------------- 11 * Debt ratio ------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 * Investment ratio ---------------------------------------------------------- 13 Limitation
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The companies’ financial ratios can be compared with the ratios of other equivalent companies between business sectors at one point of time. These comparisons provide explanations on the relative financial status and performance of the company compared to the relative performance of its competitors. Comparisons are usually made with other companies in the same business sector and the benchmark is assumed to be the suitable value for a company. The assumption here is for the companies in the same
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retailing. Amazon may have concerns in the near future about; the statement of cash flows‚ revenue‚ debt‚ and the company’s liabilities. Below is a summary with various ratios to determine the future of the Amazon. Ratio Analysis The savings ratio measures the relationship between total annual savings and total expense. The savings ratio is an important component of longevity‚ as high ratios may indicate excessive savings. In Amazon’s case‚ and any other business model‚ it would be beneficial
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and Operating Highlights: | Unit | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | Profitability Ratios | | | | | | | Gross Profit Ratio | % | 32.52 | 28.51 | 29.55 | 29.97 | 32.20 | Operating Profit to Sales | % | 12.66 | 8.83 | 5.76 | 8.18 | 9.48 | Net Profit to Sales | % | 8.14 | 4.18 | 1.93 | 3.71 | 5.11 | EBITDA Margin to Sales | % | 14.02 | 10.62 | 7.85 | 10.40 | 11.33 | Operating Leverage Ratio | % | 288.57 | 385.63 | (81.89) | 26.28 | 159.98 | Return on Equity | % | 50.17 | 27.70
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Profitability Ratios Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) or Return on Equity (ROE) Numerator – the net profit or income‚ usually taken before tax. Capital Employed or Shareholders Equity - Designed to indicate the effective use of the shareholders capital in the business with respect ot the net profits that they have generated over the period of concern. Net Profit/Income Percentage or Return on Sales Helps to identify the impact of administrative‚ selling and distribution costs on profit
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a) Ratio analysis does several things‚. The first thing is it allows the company to compare itself with other like companies. If management feels things aren’t going well‚ they can help pinpoint the problem through comparing their ratios with other companies. They may have several ratios that are comparable‚ but a couple which are way off. That might be where the problem is. It helps to evaluate financial statement. It helps to take proper steps toward financial problem. Like reduce
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High Performance SQL Server Workloads on Hyper-V Windows Server 2008 R2 Technical White Paper Published: May‚ 2010 Applies to: Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2‚ Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2‚ Microsoft System Center Introduction: This white paper describes the advantages of deploying Microsoft® SQL Server® database application workloads to a virtualization environment using Microsoft Windows® Server® 2008 R2 Hyper-V™. It demonstrates that Hyper-V provides the performance and scalability
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