most important personal objective * Growth objective * Profit maximization * Model * Economic profit ≠ accounting profit Market structures * Perfect competition * Monopolistic competition * Oligopoly * Monopoly Perfect competition * Many (small) suppliers and buyers: ‘price takes’ * Demand function for individual company * Products are perfect substitutes * Free entry and exit * Information is perfect (available to all no
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long run‚ because if profit was being made‚ more firms would enter the market and market prices would decline until all firms made zero profit. These elements are perfect competition‚ monopolistic competition‚ oligopoly‚ and monopoly. Based on the differing outcomes of different market
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competition and the pricing strategies of these firms. Marketing‚ on the other hand‚ concentrates its focus on consumer behaviour. Basically there are four major market structures – perfect competition‚ monopolistic competition‚ oligopoly‚ duopoly and monopoly. Market Structures categorize companies based on different characteristics like the number of sellers in the overall market‚ the kind of product‚ market share‚ barriers to entry‚ pricing power‚ efficiency and profits. Each of these specific criteria
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laws proscribe unlawful mergers and business practices in general terms‚ leaving courts to decide which ones are illegal based on the facts of each case.” Microsoft and Intel were creating as it would seem a perfect partnership‚ and an even better Monopoly. Microsoft used anti-competitive practices to keep its leading edge on the market. Microsoft and Intel were closely related in fact and law. Of course‚ Microsoft denied any allegations and sought to defend its business practices and reputation
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Important Things To Know * Markup = P-MCP= -1price elasticity of demand * Market demand = firm’s demand for a monopoly ONLY * TR=aQ-bQ2 and MR=a-2bQ * Monopoly output is ALWAYS LESS than competitive output * Colluding leads to the ideal situation (illegal) * MC=WMPL * X=aa+b×MPx or Y=ba+b×MPy * Y = M/Py – (Px/Py)X * Isocost Line: C(Q)=wL+rK | Variation: K=TCr-wrL | Slope: -(w/r) * Isoquant Slope: -(MPL/MPK) | MPLMPK=aKbL=∆K∆L * Optimal cost-minimization:
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Managerial Economics Unit 8 Unit 8 Nature of markets and Pricing of Products I Structure 8.1 Introduction Objectives 8.2 Meaning of market and market structure 8.3 Kinds of markets 8.4 Perfect competition 8.5 Monopoly 8.6 Monopolistic competition 8.7 Oligopoly 8.8 Duopoly 8.9 Bilateral monopoly 8.10 Monopsony 8.11 Duopsony 8.12 Oligopsony 8.13 Industry analysis 8.14 Summary 8.15 Terminal Questions 8.16 Answer 8.1 Introduction Efficiency of management lies in its capacity to analyze the market.
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2012 Pearson Education‚ Inc. All rights reserved. Three Models of Market Competition • Perfect competition – A free market in which no buyer or seller has the power to significantly affect the prices at which goods are being exchanged. • Pure monopoly – A market in which a single firm is the only seller in the market and which new sellers are barred from entering. • Oligopoly – A market shared by a relatively small number of large firms that together can exercise some influence on prices. Copyright
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As mentioned earlier‚ firms’ profit maximizing output decisions take into account the market structure under which they are operating. There are four kinds of market organizations: perfect competition‚ monopolistic competition‚ oligopoly‚ and monopoly. Perfect Competition Perfect competition describes markets such that no participants are large enough to have the market power to set the price of a homogeneous product. For a market structure to be deemed “Perfectly Competitive”‚ it needs
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Know-how VII. Monopoly VIII. Oligopoly IX. perfect competition (pure competition) business definition X. workable competition business definition XI. Cost leadership XII. Differentiation (economics) XIII. Barriers to exit XIV. Inventory flow XV. Incoterms XVI. Multinational Corporation XVII. Parent company XVIII. Decentralization XIX. Centralisation XX. License XXI. Intellectual property XXII. Copyright XXIII. Patent XXIV. Legal monopoly XXV. Trademark
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supply and demand. Individual firms take the market price as given in deciding how much to produce and sell‚ and consumers take it as a given in deciding how much to buy” (Microeconomics‚ 3rd edition‚ 1995). One of the market structures is monopoly. “Monopoly is the sole producer of a product; a monopolist is in unique position. If the monopolist decides to raise the price of the product‚ it need not worry about competitors who‚ by charging lower prices‚ would capture a larger share of the market
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