Submitted: March 8‚ 2013 Laboratory Instructor: Ms. Herra Grajo I. INTRODUCTION Bioinformatics is the branch of biological science which deals with the study of methods for storing‚ retrieving and analyzing biological data‚ such as nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) and protein sequence‚ structure‚ function‚ pathways and genetic interactions. It is very important since it contains large amount of information regarding biomolecules that a human mind is not able to store and process such data. There are
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From my diagram I can observe the quaternary structure is 3 helical polypeptides which are looped around and is held by hydrogen bonds. The 3 stranded molecules runs parallel to others and the disulphide cross-linkages between the r-groups of the amino acid holds the molecules together forming fibres. Collagen molecules forms covalent bonds which are called cross links‚ with other collagen molecules next to it. The cross-links that form are shocked along the collagen molecules and adding to the strength
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Once this has occurs‚ tRNA matches the amino acid Methionine to the codon using an anticodon- (UAC). tRNA then carries the next matching amino acid to the "A" site where a peptide bond forms between the two amino acids allowing a chain to form. The ribosome sifts one codon in the 3’ position so the next tRNA can match the codon to its amino acids for the building of another protien. Translation ends when the ribosome reaches a stop codon and an amino acid sequence‚ or a protein‚ is made. To find
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secondary structures 1. Draw the structure of a generalised amino acid 2. Using appropriate diagrams‚ show how two amino acids become chemically bonded to one another. Name the bond that is formed The bond that forms between the two amino acids is a peptide bond. This was made on MS paint 3. Using suitable diagrams where necessary‚ describe the primary structure of a protein The primary structure of a protein is a sequence of amino acids with locations of covalent bonds that affects the secondary
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more understandable. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins and they contain amino‚ carboxyl and R groups. These R groups that are in the amino acids are what determine the properties of the specific amino acids. For structure‚ there are 4 levels. The first one being the primary level. These are made up of sequences of amino acids and these amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds. The next level is called secondary. This level is a formation of amino acid chains folded together
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enzyme‚ acts as a catalyst‚ speeding up chemical reactions in the cell. All proteins are composed of the same set of 20 amino acids‚ and each amino acid differs from the other only by the "R group" attached to it. The polymers of those amino acids are called polypeptides‚ and the order of amino acids is vital to the function of the protein. For example‚ if just one amino acid is substituted for another in the primary structure of hemoglobin‚ the protein that carries oxygen in a red blood cell‚
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lab was to find the differences in hemoglobin of gorillas‚ horses‚ and humans Tables: Organism Number of Differences Horse and Gorilla 27 Horse and Human 25 Human and Gorilla 1 Amino Acid Abbreviation Human Gorilla Horse Alanine Ala 14 14 15 Arginine Arg 3 2 4 Aspartic Acid Asp 13 13 14 Cytesine Cys 2 2 1 Glutamic Acid Glu 11 11 13 Glycine Gly 12 13 14 Histidine His 8 8 8 Leucine Leu 17 19 19 Lysine Lys 11 11 11 Methionine Met 1 1 1 Phenylolanine Phe 8 8 8 Proline Pro 7 7 5 Serine Ser 5 5 6 Threonine
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denotes the necessary shape of the complementary molecule. This is easier explained through an example. An example of a polymer‚ is a protein. The monomer used to make up is an amino acid. When two amino acids join together a dipeptide is formed‚ this is then made into a polypeptide chain by the joining of additional amino acids‚ it finally becomes a protein when more than one of these polypeptide chains link to one another in a condensation reaction. Proteins have a variety of functions‚ these functions
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consisting of monomers called amino acids‚ which are made up of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ oxygen and nitrogen. Amino acids are made up of an amino group‚ an R group a carboxyl group and an alpha carbon‚ the different R groups of each individual amino acids determines which amino acid they will form. Amino acids bond through covalent peptide bonds this occurs via a condensation reaction‚ which is when one amino acids hydrogen & oxygen (carboxyl group) and another amino acids hydrogen (amino group) react releasing
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You are an amino acid in the lumen of the small intestine of a newborn mammal. You are looking at intestinal epithelial cells that bring important maternal proteins (immunoglobulins) across their apical surfaces by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Your ambition is to be part of a receptor that does that job. A. beginning from the challenge of entering the cell‚ until you have been loaded onto an appropriate tRNA. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. Within the small intestine
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