CASE 6 Asian Journal of Case Research 1(2): 183 – 192 (2008) Tenaga Nasional Berhad’s Debt Woes NORDALILAH ABD AZIZa‚ ANNUAR MD NASSIRb*‚ AZHAR MOHD NASIRc‚ AND ABU SOFIAN YAAKOBd ABSTRACT Currently‚ as a result of global price escalation of coal and fuel/gas‚ TNB faced a challenging time dealing with increased operational costs as well as managing the existing high debt to support its daily operations. Because of these high borrowings‚ TNB was exposed to excessive financial risks in particular
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Independent University‚ Bangladesh (IUB) In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of EMBA Course-513E Management Accounting By Mohammed Shamsuddin Student ID: 1110805 Summer Semester‚ 2012‚ Management Accounting‚ EMBA INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY‚BANGLADESH July 26‚ 2012 Dr.Dilip kumar Sen Professor School of
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Debt market India Debt market refers to the financial market where investors buy and sell debt securities‚ mostly in the form of bonds. These markets are important source of funds‚ especially in a developing economy like India. India debt market is one of the largest in Asia. Like all other countries‚ debt market in India is also considered a useful substitute to banking channels for finance. The most distinguishing feature of the debt instruments of Indian debt market is that the return is fixed
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DEBT TO EQUITY PROPORTIONS In building the pool of funds for the business it is important to balance and optimize the proportions of debt and equity. The relationship between total debt and total equity is referred to as leverage or gearing. If there is too much debt‚ a business becomes highly leveraged with the implications of: • Repayment risk. The risk to debt providers increases as there is less of an equity buffer to absorb losses that the business may make. • Interest risk. The interest
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© The Hong Kong Polytechnic University T HE H ONG K ONG P OLYTECHNIC U NIVERSITY SCHOOL O F A CCOUNTING AND FINANCE Final Examination Programme BBA (Hons) in Accountancy (02002-BAC) BBA (Hons) in Accounting and Finance (02002-BAF) BBA (Hons) in Financial Services (02002-BFS) BBA (Hons) in Management (02002-MGT) BBA (Hons) in Marketing (02002-MKT) BBA (Hons) in Global Supply Chain Management (02002-GSC) (02004-GSC) (02004-IST) BBA (Hons) in International
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What is a theory? In this book we consider various theories of financial accounting. Perhaps‚ there¬fore‚ we should start by considering what we mean by a ’theory’. There are various perspectives of what constitutes a theory. The Oxford English Dictionary provides various definitions‚ including: A scheme or system of ideas or statements held as an explanation or account (description) of a group of facts or phenomena. Explanation or Account (description) of a group
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Chapter 5: Essentials of Financial Statement Analysis Evaluating accounting “quality” How do we define financial reporting quality? Qualitative characteristics of accounting Information: Understandability Decision usefulness Reliability Relevance Consistency Comparability 1 Attributes of High Quality Financial Reporting Financial reporting (earnings) quality has been considered positively associated with the following: High persistence of earnings and cash flows
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Accounting: Topic 6: Analysis And Interpretation Of Financial Statements (Part 2) Capital Structure Analysis Proportion of debt financing relative to equity financing (=gearing or leverage) * Reflects the entity’s financing decisions * Investments in assets are funded externally by liabilities‚ or internally by owner’s as shown in accounting equation (A=L+OE) Debt to equity ratio: Total liabilities/ Total equity x 100=x% Debt ratio: Total liabilities/ Total asset x 100=x%
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assumption. 2. Sales revenue should be recognised when goods and services have been supplied; costs are incurred when goods and services have been received. Which accounting concept governs the above? a. The prudence concept b. The materiality concept c. The accruals concept * d. The dual accept concept 3. Which accounting concept requires that foreseen losses should be anticipated and taken into account immediately? a. The consistency concept b. The accruals concept c. The prudence
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The formation of the debit and credit concept In this simplified form we can begin to see what the mathematician and Father of Accounting (Luca Pacioli) saw in 1494 when he codified the double-entry bookkeeping system. It is his codified system that outlined the rules for applying debits and credits when recording the financial transactions of a business in the double-entry bookkeeping system. Now remember that Luca’s book in 1494 was written and published in Latin and at a time when the concept
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