oil were identified. The main compounds were 9‚ 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z‚ Z)-‚ methyl ester (14.3 %)‚ Cedran-diol‚ 8s‚ 14- (13.2 %)‚ Caryophyllene (11.8 %). Sesquiterpenes were the main group of compounds. Sesquiterpenes and its derivatives are used as anti cancer‚ immunosuppressive and anti inflammatory agents. Key words: Solanum erianthum‚ hydrodistillation‚ 9‚ 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z‚Z)-‚ methyl ester‚ Cedran-diol‚ 8s‚ 14-‚ Caryophyllene‚ Sesquiterpenes. Introduction The Solanaceae are
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margarine‚ attracted the interest of food processors and supermarket groups throughout the world and fueled a surge of investor interest. Stanol ester is the active ingredient that provides the lower cholesterol benefit. There was huge marketing potential and profit opportunity for Raisio. However‚ its limited production capacity‚ limited supply of stanol ester‚ few facilities‚ limited experience outside Finland‚ different product formulation requirements‚ different marketing channels and complicated
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fluorescent dye to accept this energy and convert it into light. Although there is more than one recipe for a lightstick‚ a common commercial lightstick uses a solution of hydrogen peroxide that is kept separate from a solution of a phenyl oxalate ester together with a fluorescent dye. The color of the fluorescent dye is what determines the resulting color of the lightstick when the chemical solutions are mixed. The basic premise of the reaction is that the reaction between the two chemicals releases
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salicylic acid is a single functional group. In methyl salicylate the benzene ring is substituted by two functional groups‚ a hydroxyl group (-OH) and an ester group (-COOCH3). In salicylic acid the ester group is replaced by a carboxylic acid group (-COOH). The process that causes the ester group to be replaced by a carboxylic acid group is an example of ester hydrolysis under strongly basic conditions. The following is a mechanism for the synthesis of salicylic acid: Procedure* - See Attached Data
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the ester. The reaction is a nucleophillic acylsubstitution carried out under acidic conditions of acetic acid and Dowex was also used for supplying protons. The alcohol used was 1-butanol which limits the ester to a side butyl chain. After completing the esterification‚ it was found that 0.734 grams of n-butyl acetate was formed with a percent yield of 61%. The product was confirmed using IR spectroscopy and boiling point confirmation. The IR spectroscopy graph showed the characteristic Ester--1735
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skin. Salicylic acid is also a precursor to acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin. Acetylsalicylic acid (an ester derivative of salicylic acid) is much more commonly used than salicylic acid for pain relief‚ because the parent compound can irritate the lining of the stomach. In this experiment we synthesized salicylic acid from methyl salicylate. We converted the functional group known as an ester into a functional group known as a carboxylic acid. Methyl salicylate is also a botanical extract. It
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the methyl which the PR3 attacked. Before we dive into the details of the reaction occurring in scheme 2 it will be important to understand the mechanism which I will provide below: The reason that no base is needed in scheme 2 is due to the two ester groups present in Maleate. Upon the initial attack of PBu3 we see that electrons are pushed onto what was originally one of the double bonded oxygen’s. In the next step‚ the electrons on the oxygen can be pushed down via resonance which causes the
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first person‚ which gives many advantages and several disadvantages to the story. An advantage of using this point of view is the reader sees what Isabel is thinking and feeling. “Madam will beat you bloody‚ he’s not your concern‚ it’s not your place. Go back‚ go back before it’s too late” (216) With this point of view‚ the reader is aware of what Isabel is thinking‚ something that would not be possible with another point of view. Knowing what the character is thinking gives the reader a better sense
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a long time or even causing the death of them or someone else. These instances are included in the story of Mahmoud‚ Isabel‚ and Josef in some way that all change the paths of their story. The first instance of someone sacrificing themselves is in the story of Isabel‚ a girl trying to escape Cuba to Miami during the rule of Fidel Castro.
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Often when the body becomes incapacitated‚ the mind opens its eyes. As stated by Theodore Roethke‚ “In a dark time‚ the eye begins to see.” This quote is saying that in troubled times; one can find a way to see through the gloom. Therefore‚ darkness will lead to enlightenment. Both the memoire Man’s Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl and the novel The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath illustrate the mind’s ability to shine light through the darkest of times. Man’s Search for Meaning shares an experience
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