‚ P. Henttu‚ M. G. Parker‚ and J. P. Sumpter. 1997. The estrogenic activity of phthalate esters in vitro. Environ.HealthPerspect. 105(8): 802-811. Lee‚ J. 2009. Child Obesity is Linked in Chemicals in Plastics. New York Times. Lorz‚ P.M.‚F.K. Towae‚W. Enke‚ R. Jackh and N. Bhargava. 2002. Phthalic acid and derivatives. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.Weinheim7: Wiley-VCH Harris‚ C.A.‚ P esters In vitro. Environ. Health Perspect.‚ 105: 802-810. IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
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involved alkylation‚ saponification‚ and decarboxylation reactions. The first intermediate‚ diethyl n-butylmalonate – a diethyl ester of malonic acid – was synthesized via an alkylation reaction. Alkylation reactions involve the formation and alkylation of an enolate. In this lab‚ NaOEt‚ a strong base was used to pull off one of the most acidic α-hydrogens of the carbonyl ester – diethylmalonate – to form an enolate. In order to alkylate the alpha position which now has a negative charge‚ the enolate
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An Assignment on Rice Bran Oil Technology Oil: Oils are esters of glycerol and fatty acid. In other words‚ oils are tri-glycerol ester of fatty acid. Hence ester of glycerol is known as glycerides and fatty acids both are saturated and unsaturated. Oils are liquid at ordinary temperature. Example: Rice bran oil‚ Coconut oil‚ Soybean oil‚ palm oil. Etc. Fats: Fats are same as oil‚ i.e. Fats are esters of glycerol and fatty acid‚ except that fat is solid at ordinary temperature. The melting point
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Introduction Discovered by Georg Wittig in 1954‚ the Wittig reaction is a robust organic synthesis method for preparing stereospecific alkenes. In general‚ Wittig reactions involve an aldehyde or ketone and a Wittig reagent (triphenylphosphonium ylide) and result in the formation of an alkene product and triphenylphosphine oxide (side product). Stereospecific alkene products can be synthesized by adjusting the reaction reagents and conditions. In the 60 years since the Wittig reaction was discovered
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Title: Experiment 28: Nitration of Methyl Benzoate Objective: The students will learn to nitrate methyl benzoate through electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. They will learn the importance of regiochemistry in chemical reactions. They might experience disubstitution through a high temperature. Reactions: Observation: The crystals started to form when added 2 g of crushed ice. The addition of hot methanol dissociated the crystals. The crystals reappeared when cooled down in
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Creatine: The Facts and the Fiction There are many different opinions people have when a conversation about creatine comes up. If one doesn’t know what creatine is‚ it is a popular dietary supplement taken mostly by many athletes around the world. The main problem people have with creatine is its safety. Some people say that it is very harmful to the body‚ while others will say that it is completely stable. The truth is that it is both; one just has to be smart about buying and taking it. There
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are classified as radiation‚ flammable or explosive hazards. Some of the chemicals however‚ are classified as toxic. There are three main components of glow sticks that are considered toxic: dibutyl phthalate‚ hydrogen peroxide and pthalic oxalate esters. Dibutyl phthalate is a colorless organic liquid that is used as a plasticizer (additives that make
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LIPIDS 1. The following are essential amino acids: a) Linoleic acid and Palmitic acid b) Palmitic acid and Archidonic acid c) Linolenic acid and Linoleic acid d) Stearic acid and Linolenic acid e) Linoleic acid and Arachidonic acid 2. Arachidonic Acid: a) Is a branched fatty acid b) Contains 3 double bonds c) Is a precursor for eicosanoids d) Contains 5 double
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Optimization of biodiesel production from Jatropha Curcas oil by means of experimental planning July 9 – August 20 2010 Abbreviations AOCS : American Oil Chemists’ Society ARS: Agricultural Research Services ASE: Accelerated Solvent Extractor CENARGEN: Centro Nacional de Pesquisas de Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (National Research Center for genetical and biotecnological ressources) EMBRAPA : Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural
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Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) 1) Disregarding stereoisomers‚ how many different enols can the β-diketone CH3 COCH 2 COCH 2 CH3 form? A) 3 B) 1 C) 4 D) 0 E) 2 2) Methylamine reacts with acetophenone to yield the: A) imine. B) enamine. C) acetal. D) amide
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