Biodiesel It refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl‚ propyl or ethyl) esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g.‚ vegetable oil‚ animal fat (tallow[1][2])) with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters. Biodiesel is meant to be used in standard diesel engines and is thus distinct from the vegetable and waste oils used to fuel converted diesel engines. Biodiesel can be used alone‚ or blended with petro diesel
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On the summer of 1939 aged about nine years old lived in París. That summer came aunt’s Ester‚ my mother‚ older sister to visit us from Switzerland‚ with her husband‚ Uncle Samuel and my cousins‚ Aaron and Issac. Lived with my grandparents‚ my mother’s parents‚ my grandfather’s Elijah‚ who all called The Patriarch. My grandmother’s Miriam and we called her Nanou. In the 4th district of Paris‚ one block from the Rue du rosier in the Jewish quarter of Paris; Rue Francs Bourgeois it’s located our
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shown in figure 1. Figure 1: Structure of Cocaine (ChemWiki) All of the synthetic drugs that derived from the structure of cocaine had similar functional groups including an aromatic ring at one end‚ which is typically an ester of an
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SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES Diploma in Applied Chemistry with Pharmaceutical Science Organic Chemistry (CP4120/CP4502) Project Preparation and Recrystallisation of Aspirin. AY2010/2011 Name: XXXX Class: DACP 1B/02 Admin no.: P1234567 Table of Contents Page List of illustration
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Name: Professor`s name: Course number: Date: Metabolic Pathways of Drugs The principal site for drug metabolism in the human body is the liver organ. The process of metabolism usually inactivates drugs though some drug metabolites are pharmacologically in active status. Inactive substance which has a metabolite that is active is referred to as a prodrug. Drugs are metabolized
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carbonyl carbon leading to the formation of a new carbonyl compound. In this experiment‚ the specific nucleophilic acyl substitution is esterification. It occurs when a carboxylic acid in salicylic acid and an alcohol combine in a reaction to produce an ester. Figure 11.4. Mechanisms on the formation of aspirin Phosphoric acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen atom (C=O) of the anhydride to make it more prone to nucleophilic attacks. It gives the anhydride a positive charge thus‚ making it more susceptible
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Wh Mia Foust Mr. Dunlap Honor Chemistry‚ Per 7 December 21‚ 2010 Glow Sticks Since glow sticks have been invented‚ consumers have wondered how scientists are able to create these magical sticks of light. They work without producing heat. They don’t need a battery or a bulb‚ Magic? This “cool” light is called luminescence. Unlike incandescence‚ which is light from heat energy‚ luminescence can be emitted at normal or lower temperatures. There are several
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lipid‚ neutral lipid and polar lipid. Then using a square chromatoplate the lipid was subjected to a two-dimensional thin layer chromatography to separate the lipid into different components. Theoretically the egg yolk should contain TAGs‚ cholesterol ester‚ cholesterol‚ free fatty acids and polar lipids. In the end of the experiment the chromatoplate should show the polarity of the spots based on the adsorption of the spots in the mobile phase of the two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Proper
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appears in the footer at the bottom of the document. If it does not‚ please download a new copy of the start file from the SAM Web site. (Note: Do not edit the footer at the bottom of the document.) 2. Type the following return address: Polly Ester Pennywell Family Practice Clinic 2278 Norwood Place Middleton‚ WI 52247 3. Press the Enter key twice‚ and then type September 5‚ 2013 as the date. (Hint: There should now be exactly one blank line between the return address and the date
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formation‚ reductive amination (rxn only)‚ ketal/acetal formation‚ dithiane chemistry (rxn only)‚ alpha-bromination of ketones‚ -COOH properties (the trends on HW4)‚ Fischer‚ acidic/basic hydrolysis of esters/amides/nitriles‚ CH2N2‚ acid chloride formation (rxn only)‚ acid chloride rxns with esters and amides. 2 Rxn of carboxyllic acid derivatives w/organometallic reagents‚ Cuprate preparation and rxn‚ Reduction of carboxyllic acid derivatives‚ basic/acidic aldol rxn (dimerization‚ cross aldol
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