(glycerides) and methanol are combined with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. This causes the oils to break apart and reaction of the oils with the methanol. As seen in Figure 1‚ this produces biodiesel (in the form of esters) and glycerol. Figure 1: The production of biodiesel (esters) from glyceride (cooking oils) and an alcohol (methanol). In combustion‚ a substance can be completely or incompletely combusted. In complete combustion‚ a fuel is combined with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide
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powder form of aspirin‚ the process of crystallization was conducted and was run through vacuum filtration. After running through the help of an electronic instrument‚ the result that was achieved in this experiment was met due to the presence of esters in the graph in Figure 5; with a peak of 1297.89 at 1300-1100. There is also a match of 35.48 with ethyl salicylate. The objective‚ which is to create aspirin‚ has been completed due to the results shown by the data provided by an electronic instrument
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3. Results and discussion 3.1 Nutritional analysis In the present study‚ the potential benefits were shown by nutritional attributes of dried bathua (Table1). Moisture content and dry matter analysis‚ reporting during nutritional analysis is very important because it directly affects the nutritional content of vegetable. The moisture content was quite low (5.06%) which may be advantageous in view of increasing the sample’s shelf life. Bathua was found to be rich in carbohydrates (40.84%). There
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Name of your school College Computer Science Department Address of school February 18‚ 2012 HON. Ester sample name Municipal Mayor Municipality of Place Province of Place ATTENTION: Mr. Leo sample name Municipal Budget Officer Dear Madam‚ Good day! Technology has been changing so fast. Almost all establishments adopts with every change of it‚ to cope with its market demands. Like private businesses‚ we believe that government agencies must
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used. IODIESEL consists of a mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters‚ that can be used as an alternative fuel in compression-ignition engines; it is obtained from renewable resources‚ such as vegetable oils and animal fats‚ which makes it biodegradable and non-toxic [1]‚[2]. Biodiesel might be produced by transesterification‚ which is a three-step reversible reaction that converts the initial triglyceride into a mixture of alkyl esters and glycerol‚ in the presence of a catalyst. Currently‚ biodiesel
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understanding the chemical transformations. Now‚ we know that this process is a reaction of esters with a strong base such as KOH or NaOH. The esters‚ triglycerides are the main constituents of vegetable oil and animal fats. The triglyceride is a tri-ester come along with 3 long fatty acid hydrocarbon chain. When triglyceride reacts with 3 equivalents strong aqueous base solution such as NaOH or KOH‚ the three ester bonds are hydrolyzed to yield 3 fatty acid salts (soap molecules) and one glycerol. The
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water soluble which oxidizes and transports long chain fatty acids into the mitochondrion (Dokmeci et al.‚ 2005; Gulcin‚ 2006)‚ transeterifies and acetyl-CoA‚ oxidizes branched chain alpha ketoacids and removes the potentially harmful acetylcarnitine esters from mitochondria (Dokmeci et al.‚ 2005). Vescoro et al. (2002) found that L-carnitine can block cell death and skeletal muscle myopathy. It is present in plasma and tissue (Dokmeci et al.‚ 2005) and can serve as an antioxidant by scavenging free
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(through better heath and schooling of new generation) -Empirical evidence: Relationship not consistently negative (Blanchet) Two of the many theories supporting the population growth being a boon/blessing are (optimistic theory): 1. Ester Boserup Ester Boserup claims that there is enough food to feed the world. The problem is the distribution of those goods. The improvement in agriculture tools allows from increase production rate. Urban farming is suggested for raising population. We will
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distillation -- and was characterized by its boiling temperature and its refractive index. Esterification is a condensation reaction where two molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule with the simultaneous loss of water. This ester in this experiment is isopentyl acetate formed from acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. The reaction is catalyzed by hydrochloric acid‚ a Fisher esterification process‚ (McMurry‚ p780-781) but the catalyst affects only the rate of reaction‚ and not
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Objective: To perform an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction‚ predict the effect on substituent orientation‚ and determine the identity of the product and mechanism for product. Procedure: Schoffstall‚ A.M.‚ Faddis‚ B.A.‚ and Durelinger‚ M.L. Microscale and Miniscale Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments‚ 2nd Ed.‚ McGraw-Hill‚ 2004‚ pages 215-218. Experiment 12.2 A Changes: Part A- No methanol recrystallization. Results and Observations
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