In this experiment‚ we used methyl benzoate from the last experiment with HNO3 and H2SO4 to synthesize methyl 3-nitrobenzoate. First we added methyl benzoate to 12 mL cooled conc. Sulfuric acid in a flask. In a separate flask‚ we made a solution of 4 mL conc. Sulfuric acid and 4 mL nitric acid and then added dropwise to the solution of methyl benzoate in an ice bath on a stir plate while maintaining the temperature of reaction between 5-15 °C. After the addition was complete we took the flask out
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world. A lot of people believe that Archaea are better adapted to living in extreme environments than bacteria and to an extent they are as they have an ether bond opposed to an ester bond in their phospholipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the cell. This ether linkage is chemically far more resistant than the ester linkage‚ allowing the archaeon to be far more resistant to extreme acidic or alkali environments and high temperatures and so on. However‚ in this sample of sediment from the Marianas
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UNIT 1: Lesson 1 Key Questions: 1. Magnesium consists of 12 electrons; 2 + indicates a loss of 2 electrons; therefore‚ it now has 10 electrons. 2. The isotope would not be useful for dating bones that are over a million years old because carbon-14 decay at a constant rate‚ with a half-life of 5730 years. Therefore‚ after 40‚ 000 years‚ les than 1% of the carbon-14 is left in the tissue. As a result‚ there is not enough of the isotope in the tissues to determine the age of the bones. 3. The four
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Production of Biodiesel by Enzymatic Transesterification: using Waste Cooking Oil as feedstock and Candida Antarctica Lipase B as Biocatalyst. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTON The high cost of bio-diesel‚ compared to petroleum-based diesel‚ is a major barrier to its commercialization. It has been reported that 60-90% of bio-diesel cost arises from the cost of the feedstock oil (C.C. Lai et al.‚ 2005). Studies showed the potential of waste-cooking oil (WCO) as a material for biodiesel production
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The simplest way to synthesize an ether is to have an alkoxide react with a primary haloalkane or a sulfonate ester under typical SN2 conditions. The scientist who developed this reaction‚ Alexander W. Williamson‚ was a professor at University College in London in the latter part of the 1800’s. This reaction has been around a while! Secondary haloalkanes and sulfonate esters are occasionally used in the Williamson ether synthesis but the yields are often poor. The ether prepared in this experiment
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"For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved" (Romans 10:13). In James Baldwin’s novel‚ Go Tell it on the Mountain‚ "Gabriel’s Prayer" shows the reader how Gabriel’s ultimate sin keeps him from salvation. Gabriel’s ultimate sin is not adultery‚ but it is how he cannot except his sins and repent for them because he holds everyone else around him accountable for what he’s done. Gabriel has a sanctimonious attitude‚ but he has a secret life that his wife‚ Elizabeth‚ doesn’t know about
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` an information system consulting firm BUSINESS CASE Module 1: Final assignment ICS‚ Inc. Ivana is the owner of ICS‚ Inc.‚ an information systems consulting firm of 20 employees. The company mostly designs and implements information technology projects for small and medium-size businesses in the metropolitan area. Although ICS has a sufficient level of business‚ the environment is becoming more competitive as more entrepreneurs are starting their own information technology
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condenser and refluxed for 60 min. The cooled mixture was washed with 5% sodium bicarbonate (2 x 1.0 mL). Sodium sulfate was added to the vial and the crude ester was removed and transferred to a clean vial. The vial was sealed and allowed to stand for 48 hr at rt. The clear liquid was distilled using a Hickman still and hot plate. The purified ester was removed from the still head to yield isopentyl acetate (0.29 g‚ 25%) and observed as a clear liquid. bp 140°C (lit1 142°C). Discussion The sulfuric
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alkanoic acid and the alcohol formed from the breakdown of methyl butanoate. 2PS 2. Ethanoic acid is more commonly known as vinegar. a) Draw the structure of ethanoic acid.1KU b) Ethanoic acid can be reacted with methanol to form an ester‚ which is used
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Published: 2006 Number of pages: 192 pages II. GENEALOGY Luis was a illegitimate son of Don Vicente. Trining was his first degree cousin and also his lover. Ester was just a fling partner of Luis and also Trining’s classmate in school. Victor is Luis’s half brother. III.LITERARY MAP Baclaran Church‚ it is where Luis and Ester attended the midnight mass for Christmas. Luis’s mansion in Manila. This was one of the farms owned by Don Vicente at Sipnget. IV.DESCRIPTION OF THE
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