diagnostic reactions to test for their presence in an organic molecule. Common functional groups found in organic molecules are listed below: * Alkene * Primary alcohol * Tertiary alcohol * Aldehyde * Ketone * Carboxylic acid * Ester * Halogen alkane * Phenol Alkene In organic chemistry‚ an alkene is an unsaturated chemical compound. This means it contains a carbon – carbon bond. All alkenes are hydrocarbons‚ (a molecule made of carbon and hydrogen atoms)‚ and can only
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THE CONTINUOUS BREWING OF BEER Beer is produced commercially by the controlled fermentation of wort‚ a liquid rich in sugars‚ nitrogenous compounds‚ sulphur compounds and trace elements extracted from malted barley. Fermentation is the process by which glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide and is expressed chemically as: C6H12O6 + 2PO43- + 2ADP → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP Behind this simplified chemical reaction is a series of complex biochemical reactions. These reactions (known as the
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compared with those of the conventional vanaspati group of rats. JAOCS 73‚ 617-622 (1996)‚ There are two distinct methodologies for making zerotrans vanaspati-like fat products‚ namely‚ interesterification Cholesterol‚ digestibility‚ methyl ester‚ palmstearin‚ phospholipid‚ rapeseed oil‚ soybean oil‚ sunflower oil‚ total lipid‚ triglyceride. KEY WORDS: Hydrogenated fats are used as edible products in such forms as shortening‚ cooking fat‚ and margarine. In India and many other countries
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Synovex Synovex also called testosterone propionate was developed in the late 50’s. This testosterone contains a short fast acting ester. It comes in anabolic form. It is a very popular form of testosterone because of its property of fast acting ester. Other qualities like little water retention capability and minimal side effects make it popular among the masses. It is mostly used as a veteran drug for animals. It comes in the form of sterile implantation pallets. The number of pallets in each cartage
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1.0 IntroductionBiodiesel is defined as mono-alky esters of long -chain fatty acid. It is a fuel that derived from the vegetable oils‚ animal fats‚ which is similar to the diesel fuel except that it is made from the crops. It is produced from domestically grown‚ renewable sources‚ such as crop oils or animal fats which are then chemically converted into biodiesel (Habmigren‚ 2003). Unlike diesel‚ biodiesel contains no petroleum products and free of sulfur compounds and aromatics (Habmigren‚ 2003)
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1. Identify the natural sources of sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. SO2‚ natural: - Geothermal hot springs and volcanic activity are natural sources of SO2. - In the process of decaying of organic matter some bacteria will produces hydrogen sulphide as a waste product which will oxidise‚ forming so2. - Phytoplankton release dimethyl sulphide (DMS) into the atmosphere‚ when this is oxidised it forms sulphuric acid. NOx‚ natural: - Lightning activity generates high temperatures to allow
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SYNOPSIS: *INTRODUCTION *FOOD SOURCES *ORAC IN FOODS *VITAMINS *CAROTENOID TERPENOIDS *FLAVONOIDS *PHENOLIC ACIDS AND THEIR ESTER *OTHER NONFLAVONOID PHENOLICS *POTENTIAL ORGANIC ANTIOXIDANT *ANTIOXIDANT IN FRUITS *CONCLUSION ANTI-OXIDANT INTRODUCTION: *An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules. * Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons or hydrogen from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can produce
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Polymeric Biomaterials (Mingyu Li z3369978) The use of polymers in biomedical applications is now widely accepted and they are termed with the generic name of polymeric biomaterials. A biomaterial can be defined by their function as a material in contact with living tissue that used to the treatment of disease or injury‚ and to improve human health by restoring the function of tissue and organs in the body.x Polymeric biomaterials in medicine include surgical sutures‚ drug delivery vectors‚ orthopedic
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snigger mcgee drinks weet famepfrbkpmaefobaekfmngleOJValewfgjnwoKNwldknlkgnwldkjfnwljk- fnwuHNJWPOJNwoifjpwiofjoiwefjnoierjgnoiaerjgoiaerjgoiaerjgoi- aerjgiaerjgoiaerjngoierjngoiaerjgnoiaerngoiaerngoiaengolaier- ngoiawerngioaerngoiaerngopiaerngoiaengoiaengoiaerngoiaernfoa- wngpoiawrgjpoiaerngaopergnpoaegjnopaiergj[0aergnpaoerf[lgkakjfiogkikrofkneifuop ;lczhtop;’ef; 90ow`WEBVIOKs.;vhaowec ASoc/ Both Plath’s The Bell Jar and Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye tell a coming-of-age story with two protagonists
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• The equilibrium law DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM forward A +8 reaction ""r=====~’~ reverse reaction Most chemical reactions do not go to completion. Once some products are formed the reverse reaction can take place to reform the reactants. In a closed system the concentrations of all the reactants and products will eventually become constant. Such a system is said to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The forward and reverse reactions continue to occur‚ but at equilibrium
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