PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering Submitted by Ritesh Shukla Pankaj Singh Bais Ciby Ninan Ankush Deshmukh Under the guidance of Prof. SUSHANT S. SATPUTALEY (Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering) Academic Year 2010-11 Department of Mechanical Engineering ST. VINCENT
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PVC Handbook Charles E. Wilkes‚ Charles A. Daniels‚ James W. Summers ISBN 3-446-22714-8 Vorwort Weitere Informationen oder Bestellungen unter http://www.hanser.de/3-446-22714-8 sowie im Buchhandel Preface In this single handbook the editors aim to give a diverse audience of readers a complete account of all aspects of PVC – from monomer manufacture to polymerization; the gamut of such additives as stabilizers‚ lubricants‚ plasticizers‚ impact modifiers‚ fillers and reinforcing agents;
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1. Predict the molecular formula of an alkane with 13 carbon atoms. .................................................................................................................................. [Total 1 mark] 2. Bromobutane‚ CH3CH2CH2CH2Br‚ can be reacted with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide to prepare butan-1-ol. CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + OH– → CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + Br– A student reacted 8.72 g of bromobutane with an excess of OH–. The student produced 4.28 g of butan-1-ol. (i) Calculate the amount
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SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT- PROPOSAL EXTRACT ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS FOR ALOPECIA ANDROGENETICA OR BALDNESS CHAPTER 1 Abstract Baldness was found as a typical problem now a day. Baldness or Alopecia Androgenetica is a hair loss condition considered an autoimmune disease‚ in which the immune system‚ which is designed to protect the body from foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria‚ mistakenly attacks the hair follicles‚ the tiny cup-shaped structures
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form a nitronium ion‚ which is the electrophile required for nitration. Finally‚ the nitronium ion is reacted with the protanated intermediate at the meta position. F 2. What would you expect the structure of the dinitro ester to be? Consider the directing effects of the ester and the first nitro group upon the addition of the second nitro
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Lecture 14 Reduction Reactions 2.1.1 Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH) 2.1.1.1 Introduction Lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) is a strong reducing agent with chemical formula LiAlH4. It can reduce a variety of functional groups such as aldehydes‚ esters‚ acids‚ ketones‚ nitriles‚ epoxides and azides. It vigorously reacts with water and all the reactions are performed in polar aprotic solvents. 2.1.1.2 Preparation It was first prepared by treating lithium hydride (LiH) with aluminum chloride (AlCl3)
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Synthesis and Structure of Alcohols Alcohols can be considered organic analogues of water. H O H R O H Alcohols are usually classified as primary‚ secondary and tertiary. H R H OH H primary R R OH R R OH OH R secondary tertiary phenol Alcohols with the hydroxyl bound directly to an aromatic (benzene) ring are called phenols. Nomenclature of Alcohols (Normally any compound’s name which ends in –ol is an alcohol of some sort) IUPAC rules that:
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TEA Dr. B.L. Wedzicha of t h e Procter D e p a r t m e n t of Food Science‚ U n i v e r s i t y of Leeds‚ describes t h e c h e m i s t r y of black t e a manufacture Tea is the m o s t w i d e l y c o n s u m e d beverage in the w o r l d . The economic importance of an annual w o r l d production of tea estimated to be in the region of 1-1·5 million tonnes has resulted in considerable attention being paid to the understanding of the chemical and physical changes w h i c h take place during tea
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alkenes and alkynes brown color disappears Dinitrophenylhydrazine test aldehydes and ketones yellow to orange red precipitate Ferrox test any functional group containing oxygen reddish-purple color Hydroxamate test amides and esters red-purple color appears Iodoform test methyl ketones yellow precipitate Iron hydroxide test nitro groups red-brown precipitate Jones test 1o and 2o alcohols orange reagent turns blue-green Lucas test 2o‚ 3o‚ and
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1. “On the breast of her gown‚ in fine red cloth‚ surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold-thread‚ appeared the letter A. It was so artistically done‚ and with so much fertility and gorgeous luxuriance of fancy‚ that it had all the effect of a last and fitting decoration to the apparel which she wore; and which was of a splendor in accordance with the taste of the age‚ but greatly beyond what was allowed by the sumptuary regulations of the colony” (Hawthorne 50).
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