Detergents A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with "cleaning properties in dilute solutions."[1] These substances are usually alkylbenzenesulfonates‚ a family of compounds that are similar to soap but are more soluble in hard water‚ because the polar sulfonate (of detergents) is less likely than the polar carboxyl (of soap) to bind to calcium and other ions found in hard water. In most household contexts‚ the term detergent by itself refers specifically to laundry detergent
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5.1 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES: Acetone is produced directly or indirectly by propylene. Early processes for the manufacture of acetone were based on the thermal decomposition of calcium acetate or the carbohydrate fermentation of corn starch or molasses. The ready availability of propylene in the 1960s led to routes based on the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol or cumene peroxidation. (1) By Cumene Oxidation (Hock Process). Propene is added to benzene [71-43-2] to form cumene [98-82-8]‚ which
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and 2853.8 cm-1 (Sp3 C-H); H1NMR (d6-DMSO) 11.487ppm (2‚ 0)‚ 6.097ppm (M‚ 2H)‚ 3.160 ppm (D‚ 2H)‚ 2.995 ppm (S‚ 2H)‚ 1.280 ppm (S‚ 2H); 13C NMR (d6-DMSO) 173.979 ppm‚ 135.199 ppm‚ 48.714 ppm‚ 48.269 ppm‚ 46.384 ppm. After hydrolysis the Fisher Esterification reaction is ran on the diacid. In a 25 mL round bottom flask the endo-diacid is mixed with methanol and concentrated sulfuric acid. A boiling chip is added to the flask and a reflux condenser is attached. The mixture
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Results and Discussions Cbes-AXE2 encodes a novel acetyl xylan esterase The CAZy database has grouped esterases acting on carbohydrates into 16 different families of carbohydrate esterases (CEs). AXEs (EC 3.1.1.72) acting on acetylated xylan are distributed in only 8 families – CE1-7 and 16. Among these‚ other than CE4‚ all other CEs belong to serine esterase and have the prototype catalytic triad Ser-His-Asp (Glu). Genralyy‚ the catalytic serine of the triad lies in a conserved motif of either
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has the ability to resist changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of either acid or base. Consider an equal molar mixture of CH3COOH and CH3COONa CH3COOH (aq) H+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq) Adding more acid creates a shift left IF enough acetate ions are present 16.3 Which of the following are buffer systems? (a) KF/HF (b) KCl/HCl‚ c) Na2CO3/NaHCO3 (a) KF is a weak acid and F- is its conjugate base buffer solution (b) HCl is a strong acid not a buffer solution (c) CO32-
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Scent-Infused Textiles consumer acceptance of fragrance-embedded textiles. Consumer willingness of finished products. The Sensory Perception Technologies (SPT) allows textile producers to weave particles of moisturisers‚ deodorants‚ fragrances and even anti-tobacco agents into fabrics. "Early trials have proved SPT a success with many global clothing companies interested‚" ICI‚ whose fragrances unit Quest developed the technology. ICI said the technology allows fabric makers to incorporate tiny
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dibutyl phthalate (DBP) 84-74-2 1 µg/L GC/MS (EPA 8270 or ISO/DIN equivalent) diethyl phthalate (DEP) 84-66-2 1 µg/L GC/MS (EPA 8270 or ISO/DIN equivalent) dimethyl phthalate (DMP) 131-11-3 1 µg/L GC/MS (EPA 8270 or ISO/DIN equivalent) di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) 117-84-0 1 µg/L GC/MS (EPA 8270 or ISO/DIN equivalent) di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) 28553-12-0 & 68515-48-0 1 µg/L GC/MS (EPA 8270 or ISO/DIN equivalent) di-iso-decyl phthalate (DIDP) 26761-40-0 & 68515-49-1 1 µg/L GC/MS (EPA
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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA COURSE INFORMATION Confidential Code Course Level Credit Hours Contact Hours : : : : : CHM 556 Organic Chemistry II Degree 4 3 hr (Lecture) 3 hr (Practical) 3 Core CHM 456 Part Course Status Pre-requisite : : : Course Outcomes : Upon completion of this course‚ students should be able to: 1. Determine functional groups present in organic compounds using Infrared Spectroscopy and interpret Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra and relate the information to structural
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Bacterial Fermentation Secondary article Article Contents Volker Mu¨ller‚ Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨t Mu¨nchen‚ Munich‚ Germany . Introduction Under anaerobic conditions‚ in the dark and in the absence of electron acceptors‚ organic compounds are catabolized by strictly anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria by internally balanced oxidation–reduction reactions‚ a process called fermentation. In fermentation‚ the organic compound serves as both electron donor and acceptor‚ and adenosine
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CHM456 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 LABORATORY Contact hours: 3 hours/week Laboratory textbook: Pavia‚ Lampman‚ Kriz and Engel‚ Introduction to Organic Laboratoy Techniques 3rd Edition (2011) ** Students MUST obtain a copy of the textbook Synopsis This is an organic chemistry practical course which reinforce the theory and concepts studied in Organic Chemistry 1 (CHM456). It covers the learning of simple laboratory techniques such as reflux‚ distillation‚ extraction‚ crystallization and melting point
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