To determine if the reaction had gone to completion‚ a Starch/Iodine test was conducted. A change in the strip to a deep blue color would signal an excess of sodium hypochlorite reagent present. An excess is the reagent symbolizes the end of the reaction because there is no longer any reactant left to consume reagent. After the reaction was deemed completed‚ the product was isolated and purified by ether extraction‚ aqueous extraction and evaporation. To determine how sodium hypochlorite acts as
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acetic acid and water) and a solution of baking soda (a basic compound also known as sodium bicarbonate). Vinegar is a dilute solution of water and usually about 5% acetic acid‚ a colourless‚ strong-smelling carboxylic acid composed of a methyl group attached to a carboxyl group. Baking soda is a fine white powdered salt composed of sodium ions and bicarbonate ions. These two solutions mixed together produce two separate reactions. The first is an acid-base reaction producing carbonic acid (H2CO3)
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Separating Acids and Neutral Compounds by Solvent Extraction Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to use solvent extraction techniques in order to separate a mixture consisting of a carboxylic acid (p-toulic acid)‚ a phenol (p-tert-butylphenol)‚ and a neutral compound (acetanilide). Extraction is the process of selectively dissolving one or more of the compounds of a mixture into an appropriate solvent‚ the solution that contains these dissolved compounds is called an extract (Manion
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happy. There are many examples to show for cause and effect relationship between mood and food. In this report I will explain how tea and yoghurt affects your sad mood? Tea contains an ingredient called L-Theanine. L- Theanine is one of the major amino acid components in green tea or black tea.
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Acids and Bases are two groups of chemical compounds that generally have opposite characteristics. They have there own unique traits‚ acids taste sour‚ turn litmus red while bases taste bitter and turn litmus blue. The term pH relates to measuring the acidity or alkalinity of a solution‚ such as vinegar‚ or even a damp substance like soul. The neutral pH is 7‚ which is essentially water‚ with lower numbers indicating acidity and higher numbers indicating alkalinity. Hydronium ions (H3O+) are
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concentrain of sulphuric acid Aim The point of this investigation is to find out the concentration of the sulphuric acid in my experiment. I will do this by titrating the sulphuric acid with sodium carbonate. H2SO4 + Na2CO3 à Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2 Acid + Alkali à Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide Ratio of sulphuric acid to sodium carbonate: H2SO4 : Na2CO3 1 : 1 Concentration of sulphuric acid: H2SO4 is approximately 0.05 - 0.15 moldm-3 The average concentration of the sulphuric acid is: 0.05 + 0.15 =
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Partitioning of organic acid food preservatives between oil and water Olaya Iturbe Navalpotro Student of Food National Institute -DTU Technical University of Denmark Index 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………..pg. 2-4 2. Theoretical background……………………………………………….pg. 5-18 2.1. Preservatives (Sorbic acid and Benzoic acid) 2.2. Solubility and partitioning of food preservatives in food system 2.3. Measurements of the preservatives partitioning in oil-water system 2.4. Influences of
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& Worksheet: Acids‚ Bases & Salt Name : __________________________________________________ ( ) Class : Secondary 3 Maju/Cemerlang Date : ______ August 2012 Acids Definition: Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Strong Acids | Weak Acids | Chemical Name | Chemical Formula | Organic acids such as citric acid‚ ethanoic acid. | Hydrochloric acid | HCl | | Sulphuric acid | H2SO4 | | Nitric acid | HNO3 | |
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The extraction of pectin from orange peels has been studied at different sample to solvent ratios‚ different PHs and with different extraction techniques using water. The amount of pectin extracted reduces as the PH increased. This research work is been carried out in order to determine the process condition that will result in high yield of pectin and residual oil extracted from orange peels using the methanol pre-treatment to extract orange peel oil and hydrochloric acid for pectin extraction.
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effects Acids and Bases Acknowledgement Some material have been sourced from the following websites and books Reference • http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~matteya/organicppt/Ch2.ppt • http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/facstaff/pavia/351pavia.html • www.fccj.us/chem1212/powerpoint/Ch17_Lewis_B.ppt • CH102 Course book • Organic Chemistry 7th Edition by John McMurry 2 Acids & Base Definitions Definition #3 – Lewis • Lewis acid - a substance that accepts an electron pair • All BrØnsted-Lowry acids are also
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