A review of capital structure theories 1.0 Introduction One of the most contentious financial issues that have provoked intense academic research during the last decades is the theory of capital structure. Capital structure can be defined as a ’Mix of different securities issued by a firm’ (Brealey and Myers‚ 2003). Simply speaking‚ capital structure mainly contains two elements‚ debt and equity. In 1958‚ through combining tax and debt factors in a simple model to price the value of a company‚
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Bicameral structure is divided into two chambers the house and senate and we have this because of The Great Compromise. The founding fathers needed a system of government that has large states with a big population and small states with small populations. It was created for the big states for the House power and small states for the Senate power. An example is Wyoming with 1 and California with 53 representatives (largest one) and there are two senators for each Wyoming and California. There are
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HR Structure Designing and communicating a HR structure that best serves the needs of an organization includes a strategy that defines the purpose and determines which principles of the structure are most critical for success. The HR structure should be structurally aligned with the organization structure of the business. This paper will review the current structure of my organization and a design of a new structure for our HR department which I will apply Christensen’s advice on designing
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Paragraph Structure Introduction (one sentence – either a question‚ quotation‚ or statistic): We often see pictures of floods on the television news. Topic Sentence (one sentence – Topic + Controlling Idea): The floods can be very damaging. Points of Development: 1. Financially 2. Physically 3. Emotionally BP1: Topic Sentence (POD#1): First‚ the floods can cause a heavy financial loss to the victim. Explanation One(one sentence): The victim has to pay for property and possessions
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Organizational Structure Organizational structure plays an important role in day-to-day functions of an organization. The delegation of authority‚ work specialization‚ and employee reporting framework are some of the elements that help determine what the organizational structure should be. An efficient structure will facilitate decision making and smooth the span of control or scope managers have over operations. The first and most common structure type that managers would choose
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Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis‚ EXHIBIT 11-1 Accounting Information and the Decision Process FIVE-STEP SEQUENCE Step 1: Gathering Information AN ILLUSTRATION The current manufacturing line uses 20 employees‚ 15 operating machines‚ and 5 handling materials‚ for a total cost of $640‚000. The rearrangement of the manufacturing assembly line is expected to eliminate materials-handling costs‚ equivalent to $160‚000. The cost of the rearrangement will be $90‚000. Historical
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Executive MM Program Class 41 May 7-August 10‚ 2012 AGENDA: What is an organization Ways of looking organizations Organizational Design‚ Organizational Structure Organizational Design and Strategy Organizational Design and Technology Organizational Design and Environment Organizational Trend ORGANIZATION ??? A tool used by people to coordinate their actions to obtain something they desire or value A response to and a means of satisfying some human needs
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Definition and explanation of mixed or semi variable cost: A mixed cost is one that contains both variable and fixed cost elements. Mixed cost is also known as semi variable cost. Examples of mixed costs include electricity and telephone bills. A portion of these expenses are usually consists line rent. Line rent normally is fixed for each month. Variable portion consists units consumed or calls made. The relationship between mixed cost and level of activity can be expressed by the following equation
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Microeconomics Topic 6: “Be able to explain and calculate average and marginal cost to make production decisions.” Reference: Gregory Mankiw’s Principles of Microeconomics‚ 2nd edition‚ Chapter 13. Long-Run versus Short-Run In order to understand average cost and marginal cost‚ it is first necessary to understand the distinction between the “long run” and the “short run.” Short run: a period of time during which one or more of a firm’s inputs cannot be changed. Long run: a period of time during which
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compromising standards of labor performance. (T) 4. Increases in sales volume tend to improve labor productivity. (T) * As his efficiency increase‚ the cost of labor per unit produced actually decrease. * Increase in sales volume results in greater employee efficiency at lower labor cost per unit 5. The key to successful labor cost control is paying the lowest possible dollar wage.(F) May use of part-time staff‚ outsourcing 6. The local minimum wage is an amount set by a group of
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