methanol‚ ethanol‚ propanol‚ ethylene glycol‚ diethylene glycol‚ and triethylene glycol‚ and the mean hemolysis times can be seen below in Figure 1. The mean hemolysis time for urea was 11.90 seconds (±2.65 sec‚ n = 11). Thiourea took an average of 92.72 seconds (±12.41 sec‚ n = 11) to hemolyze 75% of erythrocytes‚ while methanol took 9.19 seconds (± 1.66 sec‚ n = 11). The black line was seen through
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subcutaneous fats. Each sample was applied on the diffusion surface of the skin (2.5 cm2 available diffusion area) in the donor compartment equivalence to 2mg Cl. The receptor compartment filled with 7.5ml 10% ethanol buffer system‚ (PBS‚ pH 7.4)‚ stirred at 50 rpm‚ and maintained at 32°C±0.5°C. Ethanol was added to maintain the sink condition and increase Cl solubility. The test was performed for 48 hours‚ and the samples were withdrawn and the drug amount was determined by previously described
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Louis Pasteur And The Alcoholic Fermentation Abstract: Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist known for his discoveries in the field of vaccination‚ pasteurization and microbial fermentation. His discoveries have saved many lives and his contributions to science‚ technology‚ and medicine are nearly without precedent. This paper will focus on one of the aspect of his work that relates mostly to chemistry: the alcoholic fermentation. Louis Pasteur:
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Kathleen Kramas Cells and Heredity Lab Tuesday 2:00-4:50 22 OCTOBER 2012 Membrane Permeability Decreases as Molecular Size Increases Introduction: Red blood cells are vital to organisms functioning properly. They are microscopic cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues throughout the body. Upon transporting oxygen‚ red blood cells also exports waste‚ such as carbon dioxide‚ to the lungs where it can be expelled. Red blood cells are made up of hemoglobin which is surrounded by a
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Exploration Research Question What is the effect of different concentrations of sucrose in a solution on the mass and surface area of a beetroot (Beta Vulgaris) piece? Background The membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer which is semi permeable. Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential across a semi-permeable membrane. It is easy for water molecules to pass through this membrane however solutes that are big in
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Biology A - Assignment 1: Cell Membranes and Temperature Background Theory Beetroot contains betalain pigments within it’s vacuole‚ which gives it it’s purple-red colour‚ it’s this pigment which leaks out as the beetroot is heated and the cells membrane begins to break down. The practicals aim is to show the effect of temperature on the cell membrane by observing the colour change of the water the beetroot was placed in. The cell membrane is important as it controls the substances enters and
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selectively permeable to different molecules. This type of selectively is caused by a semi-permeable membrane‚ which allows the movement of certain molecules across it. Water exchange can be measured in two ways: RBC osmotic permeability is measured‚ and diffusional water permeability is measured (Benga and Borza 1995). Diffusion is the movement of high concentration to low concentration. The diffusion of water across a permeable membrane is called osmosis. Water concentration in red blood cells can cause
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only for its aesthetic value‚ but also because it affects how well the wine can be stored. Wine bottles are tightly-sealed to prevent exposure to oxygen‚ which‚ in turn‚ prevents aerobic fermentation of the wine. The second fermentation converts ethanol to acetic acid and produces other off-flavors‚ therefore spoiling the wine. For wines that can be aged for decades‚ it is vital that the bottles are completely sealed off during storage. (Robinson‚ 2006) Cork has been used to seal wine bottles since
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Independent variable: Temperature of beetroot Dependent variable: Absorbency of light Hypothesis: As temperature rises to its optimum temperature‚ the absorbency of light will increase because protein is an enzyme and will therefore be affected by temperature. This is because more beetroot dye will pass through the cell membrane and then into the distilled water. The deeper the colour of the beetroot dye‚ the higher the absorbency of light. Beetroot vacuoles have red pigments which can’t
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the neuronal membrane which decrease its permeability to sodium ions.1 In this experiment‚ the synthesis of benzocaine is carried out by the acid-catalyzed esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with ethanol.2 Theoretical Yield: 1.25g/MW 137 = .009 moles C2H6O 20mL / MW46 =0.435 moles C9H11O2N .009 X 165.19 = 1.49g Purpose Statement: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize benzocaine by esterification using 4-aminobenzoic acid with ethanol. Experimental Procedure: There were
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