and carbon. Starch consists of two types of polysaccharides called amylose and amylopectin1.The properties of starch can depend on the number of alpha 1‚4 glycosidic bonds and the nature of branching. It also is the starting material for ethanol production. Ethanol production is composed of 5 general steps‚ grinding‚ cooking‚ fermentation‚ distillation and benefitability. Alpha amylase is used during the cooking step to hydrolyse starch into fermentable sugars2. Alpha amylase uses amino acids on the
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extracts - distilled water‚ acetone‚ ethanol at four different concentrations. Plant powder was weighed and mixed with the three solvents to attain four different concentrations viz.‚ 20%‚ 40% 60% and 80% respectively. These extracts were further used for the
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Abstract: Enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol was determined by measuring change in temperature and pressure of ethanol using a Vernier temperature probe. By using the ideal gas equation‚ and plugging the slope value from the graph into the Clausius-Claypernon equation‚ enthalpy of vaporization was determined to be 10kJ/mol. The percent error was determined to be 76.0%. Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to investigate vapor pressures and the partial pressure of gas produced from liquids
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Alkanols Heat of Combustion Aim: To determine the molar heat of combustion of methanol‚ ethanol and 1-propanol Materials: 3 spirit burners‚ one containing methanol‚ one containing ethanol and one containing 1-propanol. A thermometer A copper calorimeter 100 ml measuring cylinder Retort stand and clamps Stopwatch Matches Electronic balance Safety assessment: This experiment contains flammable materials remove loose clothing such as ties which could be set alight
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variable of alcohol to affect the dependant variable of the amount of DNA extracted. This was done to find out if primary or secondary alcohol would create more DNA precipitate than the other. For this the primary alcohols used were; methanol and ethanol‚ and the secondary alcohol was; isopropyl. Of this the secondary alcohol‚ isopropyl was discovered to be the most effect alcohol to make DNA precipitate‚ as it produced the most amount of DNA. This investigation of extracting DNA is significant due
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Why Did Global Food Prices Rise? 1. Farmers in the United States and in Europe benefit from government policies to promote the production of ethanol because they receive government subsidies to produce crops that can be turned into biofuels and it gives the farmers an incentive to plant crops such as corn and soybeans. However‚ this policy harms foreign producers of these foreign crops. Since U.S. and European farmers have subsidies‚ they have lower costs than the foreign farmers and the foreign
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Surname Centre Number Candidate Signature Other Names Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use General Certificate of Secondary Education June 2007 SCIENCE B Unit Chemistry C1 CHEMISTRY Unit Chemistry C1 Higher Tier Thursday 21 June 2007 1.30 pm to 2.15 pm CHY1H H For Examiner’s Use Question Mark Question Mark For this paper you must have: a ruler. You may use a calculator. Time allowed: 45 minutes Instructions Use blue or black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of
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Alternatives for the future By Pedro Albuquerque Index: Summary The real alternatives Proved oil and natural gas reserves World primary energy consumption Fuel fundamentals Fuel sources Alternatives for the future Dual-fuel Bio-diesel GTL Diesel Ethanol Hydrogen Gasoline Analyses & Conclusions Bibliography Acknowledgement 3 5 7 7 8 10 11 14 21 25 29 31 34 37 39 44 45 Summary 2 Alternatives future for the As the we live in a world that relies 99% in those two fuels for transportation
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plastic handbags. • Additionally‚ in Brazil the current Government is taking extra efforts in ethanol production development. In 2009‚ the Government conceived $x billion in credit offer for the sugarcane and ethanol sector. There is an expectation that‚ if the current Government wins the presidential election in 2010‚ there is the possibility that Petrobras will increase its participation in the ethanol sector. Economic • The price premium required for bio-based plastics over conventional plastics
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the homogenization medium is added in the first step‚ the positive ions of the salts (sodium chloride and sodium citrate) bind to the negatively charged DNA backbone‚ creating a DNA molecule with a neutral charge. When a cold polar solvent‚ like ethanol‚ is added to the DNA solution‚ the DNA is precipitated out of solution‚ leaving other cell components behind (proteins‚ lipids‚ polysaccharides‚ general cell debris). DNA can be isolated and precipitated using tissue from an onion. The cells are disrupted
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