IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS‚ VOL. 21‚ NO. 3‚ MAY 2006 | 567 | Power Electronics Intensive Solutions for Advanced Electric‚ Hybrid Electric‚ and Fuel Cell Vehicular Power Systems Ali Emadi‚ Senior Member‚ IEEE‚ Sheldon S. Williamson‚ Student Member‚ IEEE‚ and Alireza Khaligh‚ Student Member‚ IEEE Abstract—There is a clear trend in the automotive industry to use more electrical systems in order to satisfy the ever-growing ve-hicular load demands. Thus‚ it is imperative that automotive
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Great Lakes Chemical Corporation bought control of Octel‚ the world’s biggest maker of lead additives for gasoline. However‚ the intent of the purchase was not the lead additive‚ known as Tetraethyl Lead (TEL)‚ since leaded gasoline was banned in Japan and was almost phased out in the United States and Western Europe. Leaded gasoline was known for deterring the process in vehicles that reduced pollutants in car exhaust and because of the potential for causing brain damage in children. Great Lakes
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Although ethanol has provided our world with many benefits‚ there are also many drawbacks as well. Because ethanol is manufactured from corn crops‚ the value of most corn is higher in costs. This drawback plays a role not only in the world of energy but also in the food industry‚ thus overall impacting our economy. In addition‚ the corn also requires a large quantity of land in order to produce enough material for the ethanol. Farm land is very scarce and difficult to come by‚ because of the constant
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can do their part. In order to understand how to conserve energy‚ there needs to be a definition of what non-renewable resources are. According to Ingrid Kelley‚ author of Energy in America: a Tour of Our Fossil Fuel Culture and Beyond‚ coal‚ oil‚ and natural gas are called fossil fuels because they were formed from layers of carbon-based organic matter that had been plants and simple marine creatures many millions of years ago (Kelly 14). While they were buried under sediment‚ these organic layers
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objectives are attained. The objective of this paper is to conduct a marketing audit of e-cofueling Company in relation to the production of ethanol. The findings of the marketing audit revealed that the problem with using ethanol as fuel in a large-scale way comes down to two primary‚ related issues: • • There is not nearly as much energy in ethanol as there is in gasoline. Creating significant amounts of energy from food crops would deplete the amount of land available for growing actual food
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Fossil Fuels which include Petroleum and Natural Gas were formed million years ago from the remains of plants and animals‚ are responsible 40% and 20% respectively for the world ’s energy. They were first discovered about 700-900 years ago‚ however since the first modern petroleum industry began in 1859‚ the demand for fossil fuels has escalated beyond our control. It had taken 50-300 million years to form‚ and yet we have managed to burn roughly half of all global oil reserves in merely 125 years
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crop might bring new financial returns and sustainability to an agricultural industry marked with continual shifts in supply and demand. As the earth’s population continues to grow and the demand for alternative fuels becomes mandatory‚ we will need to continue to research alternative fuel sources and the affects that there production will have on the environment. Supplies and Demands Grain production is a necessity to sustain life. But what will the demand of corn do to the farmlands of America
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a tabular form which showed how the data presented. Physical Properties Table 1: Differences of BIT and Commercial Ethanol in Density and Smoke Emission Properties BIT (MEAN) Ethanol (MEAN) Density 300 kg/m^3 354.64 kg/m^3 Smoke Emission Clear Clear In table 1‚ the researchers compared the physical properties such as the density and smoke emission of BIT and commercial ethanol. The density of BIT which was the 300 kg/m^3 was obtained by using the formula of mass over
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Chemistry – Heats of combustion. To determine the heats of combustion of selected alkanols and to use this information to determine the heat of combustion for a longer chain alkanols. Formula ΔH=-mCΔT Heat of combustion ΔH/n = molar heat of combustion. Materials -100 degrees thermometer -glass stirring rod -aluminium beaker -electronic balance -bosshead and clamp -retort stand Method 1) Set up the apparatus as shown above. 2) Measure the weight of aluminium can 3) Use the
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Reports overview: China’s demand for fossil fuel has grown at a fast pace in the past decade. In the next five years‚ both production and demand will continue to grow. This new study examines China’s economic trends‚ investment environment‚ industry development‚ supply and demand‚ industry capacity‚ industry structure‚ marketing channels and major industry participants. Historical data (2003‚ 2008 and 2013) and long-term forecasts through 2018 and 2023 are presented. Major producers in China are
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