Identify the problems associated with ethical and cultural relativisms. Ethical relativism holds that no universal standards or rules can be used to guide or evaluate the morality of an act. This view argues that people set their own moral standards for judging their actions. Only the individual’s self-interest and values are relevant for judging his or her behavior. The logic of ethical relativism also extends to cultures. Cultural relativists would argue that
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Physician Assisted Dying: Ethical or Unfathomable? Physician assisted dying is a very controversial issue and it is only becoming more controversial with more cases coming to light. Many people believe that assisting a patient in dying goes against the moral code that doctors should follow. Their job is to go to any measures to sustain the life under their care‚ but what about individuals suffering with no hope of getting better? Wouldn’t doctors then be obligated morally to relieve these individuals
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good and this should be the model used when discussing outsourcing. In this essay I will describe why I believe Utilitarianism theory should be used for talking about outsourcing and why the Kantian theory of ethics is not. Utilitarianism is an ethical approach to ethics used and started by Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. It is considered a cost benefit analysis of decision or moral judgment. In a conflict of interests‚ the choice used is one that benefits the most amount of people. Kantian
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Consequentialism and Utilitarianism Consequentialism‚ as its name suggests‚ is the view that normative properties depend only on consequences. This general approach can be applied at different levels to different normative properties of different kinds of things‚ but the most prominent example is consequentialism about the moral rightness of acts‚ which holds that whether an act is morally right depends only on the consequences of that act or of something related to that act‚ such as the motive
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The thought in utilitarianism is that the ethical worth of an activity is resolved exclusively by its incentive in giving joy or joy as summed among every single cognizant being. It is a type of consequentialism‚ implying that the ethical worth of any activity is controlled by its result. In this manner the utilitarian saying: the best use for the best number. The biggest supporters of utilitarianism were Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. The complaint that I am will concentrate on in this paper
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Nicomachean Ethics‚ the Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant‚ and the Theory of Utilitarianism morality by John Stuart Mill. These classical theories create the basis of morality and moral argument. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory regarding the greater good. It rationalizes; the actions a person makes in their life and says they should be directed towards achieving the greatest happiness for the greatest amount of people. An action promoting happiness is right and actions
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The Ethical Treatment of Animals A person for the ethical treatment of animals (PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk‚ VA‚ and led by its founder‚ Ingrid Newkirk (international president). PeTA was founded‚ March 1980 as a nonprofit organization. As of 2011‚ its assets are 18.02 million‚ with revenue of 31.81 million. Alex Pacheco‚ co-founder of PeTA is an American animal rights activist from Joliet‚ IL. Newkirk and Pacheco first became widely publicized
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understanding of the anatomical structure. As a student I do enjoy dissecting animals because it does give me a good understanding of what our organs and body parts look like and how they are all related. In contrast to that I do not believe it is ethical to do dissections on dead animals and plants. Obviously when you think about what you are doing you soon realize that cutting an animal open is an inhumane action. Some animals are force fed‚ starved‚ and have physical restraints. These animals may
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satisfaction without concern for the specific means of satisfaction. The id operates on the pleasure principle; it acts to avoid pain and maximise immediate pleasure. Superego is conceptualised as the individual’s internal expression of society’s moral and ethical codes of conduct. The superego defines what is right and good by internalising the values of society. The superego’s role is to see that the individual satisfies needs in a socially acceptable fashion. Thus‚ the superego is a kind of ‘brake’ that
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Utilitarianism theory is the most widely used ethical theory today‚ and also the most powerful and persuasive approaches to normative ethics in the history of philosophy. It is the rightness or wrongness of an action‚ which determined by its usefulness. It is based on the principle of Utility which John Stuard Mill stated that “Actions are right to the degree that they tend to promote the greatest good for the greatest number.” This means that in any situation‚ where there is a moral choice‚ one
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