ETHICAL DECISION MAKING BY INDIVIDUALS IN ORGANIZATIONS: AN ISSUE-CONTINGENT MODEL THOMAS M. JONES University of Washington The Academy of Management Review‚ Vol. 16‚ No. 2. (Apr.‚ 1991)‚ pp. 366-395. Abstract Existing theoretical models of individual ethical decision making in organizations place little or no emphasis on characteristics of the ethical issue itself. This article (a) proposes an issue-contingent model containing a new set of variables called moral intensity: (b) using
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might inhabit this earth. Those of us fortunate enough to be born in a rich country such as Australia are expected to outlive those who are born and live in a 3rd world country. Unfortunately those who live in 3rd world countries don’t have access to the medical facilities‚ public services and general hygiene that we are privileged to have in our own country. While our life expectancies may vary depending on what country we live out our lives one thing is certain‚ death. Some of us are very lucky
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established a new set of racially aggravated offences – hate crime Society has significantly changed Rivers of blood speech by Conservative MP Enoch Powell (1968) shaped future direction of immigration policy in the UK He predicted that “in this country in fifteen or twenty years’ time the black man will have the whip hand over the white man” Criticised immigration (open-door policy) Relaxed immigration laws responsible for crime and disorder Collecting data 1981 landmark year in the context
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CHAPTER 14 GLOBAL MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS DECISIONS II: SALES PROMOTION‚ PERSONAL SELLING‚ SPECIAL FORMS OF MARKETING COMMUNICATION SUMMARY Sales promotion is any paid‚ short-term communication program that adds tangible value to a product or brand. Consumer sales promotions are targeted at ultimate consumers; trade sales promotions are used in business-to-business marketing. Sampling gives prospective customers a chance to try a product or service at no cost. A coupon is a certificate that
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Tobacco -a preparation of the nicotine-rich leaves of an American plant‚ which are cured by a process of drying and fermentation for smoking or chewing. Shorts of smoking cigarettes: Irritation and inflammation of the stomach and intestines Increased risk of painful ulcers along the digestive tract Reduced ability to smell and taste Premature wrinkling of the skin Higher risk of blindness Gum disease (periodontitis) Long effects of smoking cigarettes : 1. Smelling like smoke There’s no mistaking
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Ethical Decision Paper An ethical decision helps a person to make a choice when faced with a situation in which there is no clear right or wrong decision. The word ethical is defined by Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary as “Involving or expressing moral approval or disapproval.” Making an ethical decision is one of the most difficult things a person can have to do in their life. What one person may consider to be a good and moral option‚ another may consider that to be an unthinkable option. In order
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Psychologist that developed excellent models on ethical decision-making. It is to guide the conduct of psychological science and practice. Among those authors were Canter et al.‚ 1994‚ Rest‚ 1983 and Staal and King‚ 2000. From those models‚ the eight ethical decision-making model was drawn. Ethical decision-making relates to the procedure of assessing and selecting among alternatives in a way that is in accord with moral values. In making ethical judgments and decisions‚ it is essential to recognize and remove
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SALES MANUAL FOR STRATEGICALLY PLANNING A SALES PRESENTATION This project focuses on developing a sales manual for selling a specific product. The effective sales presentation is built with a strategic plan. Every step of the sale‚ from the approach to servicing the sale‚ is carefully planned in advance. A well-planned sales presentation is not memorized. It is a logically planned outline that carries the salesperson’s own thoughts from one step to the next. This project will be your outline
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The poorest countries in the world are most often referred to as the least developed countries‚ (LDC’s). 33 out of 49 of these are within Africa. The LDCs’ are categorised by the level of income‚ which is defined by $2 a day‚ and under $800 GDP per capita for three consecutive years. They are also named by the stability of the government‚ and vulnerability to natural disasters such as drought‚ earthquakes‚ and civil wars. It seems that without a doubt‚ these countries need assistance from the rest
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Head: ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING REPORT 1 Ethical Decision-making Report Cassandra S. Parker Western Governors University ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING REPORT 2 Ethical Decision-making Report B.1. Ethical decision-making strategies In order to ensure that ethical decision-making takes place at all levels within Cascadia Toyco‚ I am suggesting that the company implement the following two strategies: (1) establish a business code of ethics‚ and (2) adopt both formal and informal decision-making
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