16 Application of TLC in the Isolation and Analysis of Flavonoids Marica Medi-Šari‚ Ivona Jasprica‚ c c Ana Mornar‚ and Željan Maleš CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................ 405 16.1.1 Chemistry‚ Biochemistry‚ and Medicinal Significance of the Flavonoids.......................................................................... 405 16.1.2 Brief Overview of Use of TLC in the Analysis of Flavonoids in Plants ........
Free Chromatography
Myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid) NATURE/MECHANISM OF REACTION: The temperature range should be between 56-57 °C. The organic solvents that were used in the experiment were diethyl ether‚ methylene chloride and ethyl acetate. It is advised to know that when ethyl acetate and water are mixed‚ the water will eventually separate into two distinct phases. Theoretical Yield‚ Percent Yield and Discussion: The weight of the product is determined to be 0.78g The weight of the mixture
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e. 50- 500 μg/ml‚( each of these concentration was taken in duplicate) was mixed with 1800 μl of ABTS solution was mixed with it for each concentration. Similar process was repeated for ascorbic acid concentration. All test tubes (ethyl acetate soluble fraction‚ ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate‚ ascorbic acid‚) labeled separately were shaken well and incubated in the dark at 25oC for 30 minutes. Then the Kinetic absorbance was recorded at 734 nm by spectrophotometer after 1 and 6 minutes
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anhydride. CO2H OH salicylic acid 2g 0.014 mole O O O CH3 H2SO4 ethyl acetate CO2H O O acetyl salicylic acid acetic acid CH3 O + H3C + H3C OH acetic anhydride 5 mL 0.05 mole The limiting reagent is salicylic acid. The theoretical yield of acetyl salicylic acid is 2.52 g. Physical Data:* mp MW salicylic acid 157-9˚ 138 acetyl salicylic acid 135-6˚ 180 acetic anhydride — 102 acetic acid — 60 sulfuric acid — 98 ethyl acetate — 88 *Data from the CRC‚ 70th ed. bp — — 138˚ 117-8˚
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* Benzaldehyde * Acetone * Sodium Nitroprusside Test – Test for presence of acetone * -Wine red solution * Iodoform Test – Test for Methyl Ketones * Acetone – positive * Ethyl methyl ketone – positive * Ethyl acetate * Special test for Benzaldehyde * Formation of crystals * Molisch Test – General test for Carbohydrates * Violet ring (2nd layer) * Glucose – positive * Starch - positive
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The reaction used for production of vinyl acetate using ethylene‚ acetic acid and oxygen over a palladium catalyst‚ in gas phase is shown below: 2 H3C–COOH + 2 C2H4 + O2 → 2 H3C–CO–O–CH=CH2 + 2 H2O Vinyl acetate synthesised is used for production of polyvinyl acetate. Acetic anhydride Acetic anhydride can be synthesized by condensation reaction of two molecules of acetic acid. The main process involves
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Classification Tests for Carboxylic Acid and Derivatives Mary Catherine Sarte‚ John Emmanuel Sy‚ Allurie Umel‚Franklin Yap‚ Mary Christine YouIntroduction Carboxylic acids derivatives are simply groupsof compounds that contain a carbonyl group butwith an electronegative atom attached to thecarbon. The difference in the structure leads to amajor change in reactivity. The reactions of thesegroups of compounds involve nucleophilicsubstitution. Although there are abundant kindsof carboxylic acid derivatives
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reaction. If the bromine reacted with the alkene the bromine would discolor from orange and turn clear. Experiment Part A) Solubility of Alkanes: 1 mL of nine solvents (water‚ methanol‚ n-butanol‚ ethylene‚ glycol‚ acetone‚ hexane‚ toluene‚ ethyl acetate‚ and dichloromethane.) was added to nine sample vials. Each vial then had 0.5 mL of the alkane decalin added to each one. The mixtures were stirred to determine if the materials dissolved. If the material was insoluble it was heated with an
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Abstract: In this lab‚ the chemical components of Excedrin and Tylenol‚ two common‚ over-the-counter analgesic drugs‚ were determined by utilizing the technique of thin-layer chromatography‚ or TLC. The active ingredients of Excedrin were caffeine‚ acetaminophen‚ and aspirin with Rf values of 0.11‚ 0.38‚ and 0.61‚ respectively. The lone active ingredient of Tylenol was acetaminophen with an Rf value of 0.39. The elution sequence obtained in the experiment is as follows: ibuprofen (least polar)
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about 10 minutes. Next‚ 4- bromophenylacetic acid was added to the flask and the mixture was refluxed for about 50 minutes at about 80°C. TLC was used to monitor the reaction progress every 15 minutes. A relatively non-polar solvent system of 25% ethyl acetate/ 75% hexanes was used as the mobile phase. Each plate contained a starting material (4-bromophenylacetic acid)‚ a reaction mixture spot‚ and a co-spot. The TLC at 15 minutes showed the starting material to have an Rf of about 0.12 and reaction
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