Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Wine is an alcoholic beverage produced through the partial or total fermentation of grapes‚ other fruits and plants such as berries‚ apples‚ cherries‚ dandelions elder berries ‚ palm and rice can also be fermented. Grapes belong to the botanical family vitaceae of which there are many species. The species that are most widely used in wine production are Vitislabrusca and specially Vitisvinefara‚ which has long been the most widely used wine grape throughout the world
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Vallejos*‚ Ellis Mika C. Trino‚ Jahn Camille B. Valdez‚ Ariza Yamashita Department of Biological Sciences‚ College of Science Group 11 Corresponding author: gerome_911@yahoo.com Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize isopentyl acetate via Fischer esterification reaction between acetic anhydride and isoamyl alcohol‚ using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This reaction is characterized by the combining of an alcohol and an acid (with an acid catalyst) to yield and ester
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Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement‚ not replace‚ the laboratory manual. A Diels-Alder Reaction History and Application: The 1950 Nobel prize in chemistry was awarded to Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder for their breakthrough work on the discovery and development of [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions i. This set of reactions are enormously useful in the synthesis of six membered rings in a single stepii. These are used in many pharmaceutical applications. Tamiflu® is a drug which
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as well as spotting the standard spinach extract. A beaker was used with the developing solvent‚ filter paper‚ and TLC plate inside and a watch glass over top of the beaker to perform the thin layer chromatography. After the solvent front (30% ethyl acetate in hexane) reached about an inch from the top‚ the TLC plate was removed from the beaker and the developing spots were marked. After implementing the column and thin layer chromatography‚ the Rf value for component one was .95‚ for component two
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The column fractions were collected in 25 ml test tubes. In that‚ fraction number 271-275th showed identical clear spot which were loaded on the activated silica gel TLC plates (20 cm × 20 cm). The plates were developed using methanol: ethyl acetate (60:40) solvent system. The single spot was located by exposing the plate to iodine fumes. Thus‚ it may indicate the presence of single
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Nitration of Methyl Benzoate Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize methyl m-Nitrobenzoate from methyl benzoate‚ concentrated HNO3‚ and concentrated H2 SO4 by an electrophilic substitution reaction. The H2 SO4 and the HNO3 were initially combined to form nitronium ion which was then used as an electrophile in the reaction. Crystals that were collected after the formation of the methyl m-Nitrobenzoate were collected by vacuum filtration and the product was isolated and purified
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found by weighing the watch glass with the filter paper and subtracting the total from the original weight. The TLC test was conducted by placing sample products on a TLC plate. Next‚ the plate was put in solvent mixture of 80% heptane and 20% ethyl acetate. The solvent mixture was allow to rise ⅔ the height of the plate and then placed under UV light to observe the distance the samples traveled. The ferric chloride test was administered by placing 1 mL of ethanol and 1 drop of 1% by mass ferric chloride
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molecule This project will count as one lab grade. A sample grade sheet is on the back. Some possible molecules: Caffeine Theobromine Acetylsalicylic Acid (aspirin) Acetaminophen Ibuprofen Naproxen (Aleve) DEET Octyl acetate Isopentyl acetate Ethyl butyrate Methyl butyrate Methyl salicylate Isobutyl formate Citral Cinnamon aldehyde Vanillin Testosterone Estradiol Cholesterol Dopamine Serotonin Norepinephrine Pseudophedrine Methamphetamine AZT Nonoxynol-9 Nicotine
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Flower power Introduction Perfumes and scented products are composed of toxic chemicals like acetone‚ toluene‚ ethyl acetate‚ formaldehyde and ethanol that are found on any list of toxic and hazardous chemicals. All these and other chemicals used in the manufacture of personal care products have been shown in animal studies to cause serious health problems and even death. That’s why we decided to create a natural perfume that is safe for the environment. So we thought that we must encourage
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[52503-64-7]. Acetic acid was also well known to alchemists of the Renaissance. Andreas Libavius (AD 1540–1600) distinguished the properties of vinegar from those of icelike (glacial) acetic acid obtained by dry distillation of copper acetate or similar heavy metal acetates. Numerous attempts to prepare glacial acetic acid by distillation of vinegar proved to be in vain‚ however. Lavoisier believed he could distinguish acetic acid from acetous acid‚ the hypothetical acid of vinegar‚ which he thought was
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