THE CONTINUOUS BREWING OF BEER Beer is produced commercially by the controlled fermentation of wort‚ a liquid rich in sugars‚ nitrogenous compounds‚ sulphur compounds and trace elements extracted from malted barley. Fermentation is the process by which glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide and is expressed chemically as: C6H12O6 + 2PO43- + 2ADP → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP Behind this simplified chemical reaction is a series of complex biochemical reactions. These reactions (known as the
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Stereochemistry of Dihydroxylation Reactions Question: Can the stereochemical outcome of dihydroxylation reactions be determined by thin layer chromatography? Overview: In this experiment‚ you will perform two reactions that transform alkenes into diols. While similar in functional group transformation‚ these reactions may lead to stereochemically different products. The two possible products are diastereomers of one another‚ and therefore have different physical chracteristics. After
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anhydride Ethyl acetate Acid chlorides form esters by reaction with alcohols. O CH3CH2CH2OH 1-Propanol + H3C Cl Acetyl chloride C H3C O C O CH2CH2CH3 + HCl n-Propyl acetate In the latter reaction‚ an organic base such as pyridine is usually added to react with the hydrogen chloride. A number of other methods can be used to synthesize the ester group. Among these are the addition of 2methylpropene to an acid to form t-butyl esters‚ the addition of ketene to make acetates‚ and the reaction
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--- Experiment 1 : Thin-layer Chromatogragaphy : Analysis of Drug Components CHEM221 Date experiment performed : January 20‚ 2014Date Submitted : January 27‚ 2014 Introduction This laboratory has its first objective to familiarize with the thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique. Second‚ each student has to identify the unknown components by comparing it to one of the tree dissolved liquid analgesics: Acetaminophen‚ Aspirin and Caffeine. Finally‚ calculating the Rf value by measuring
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Report on TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF CHEMICAL WASTES IN CHEM 111.1 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY Submitted by: Christian Manahan Anna Esperanza Legaspi CHEM 180 – X 2nd Semester AY 2012-2013 Date Presented: March 21‚ 2013 Date Submitted: March 22‚ 2013 Prof. Josefina L. Solivas I. Introduction Chemicals have been indispensable in the everyday lives of humans. Their uses have made life easier and better. However‚ their effects on the environment have been accumulating and
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INVESTIGATORY PROJECT Flower bloom perfume Submitted by: Ma.anne Briones Frances Blanco
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layer of caramelized sugar. There are many products of caramelization reaction. Diacetyl is one of them and this makes the food to smell like a butter. Another one is furans‚ which is in charge of a nutty smell. Others include esters‚ maltol‚ and ethyl
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which is about soap making but after all the long thinking and brainstorming‚ we decided to come up with a perfume as a product with the use of rose petals. Perfumes and scented products are composed of toxic chemicals like acetone‚ toluene‚ ethyl acetate‚ formaldehyde and ethanol that are found on any list of toxic and hazardous chemicals. All these and other chemicals used in the manufacture of personal care products have been shown in animal studies to cause serious health problems and even death
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Nitration of Acetanilide Introduction When organic compounds are nitrated it changes the composition and reaction of the compounds.[4] We could benefit from these changes‚ nitration of acetanilide produces a product called p- Nirtoanoline. P-Nitroaniline is commonly used as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes‚ antioxidants‚ pharmaceuticals and gasoline. P-Nitroaniline is also used in gum inhibitors‚ poultry medicines and as a corrosion inhibitor. [2] Nitration is a type of chemical
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8. Melting point will tell you what active ingerdediant you are dealing with‚ confirm it through recording IR spectrum and then compare to online. 9. Run a TLC plate of isolated against solution of known compount. Eluent used is ethyl acetate containing .5% acetic acid. Spot reference containing acetaminophen and
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