synthesizing alcohol is though the addition reaction of Gridnard reagent and carbonyl compound‚ whereas aldehyde is the most reactive and then to ketone or ester. Primary alcohol is produced through reaction between Gridnard reagent and formaldehyde or ethylene oxide or alcohol halide; secondary alcohol is produced using Gridnard reagent and aldehyde or carboxylate; while tertiary alcohol is produced using Gridnard reagent and ketone‚ ester‚ chloride or unsaturated ester etc. Gridnard reagent is prepared
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PESTEL Analysis Political • Brazilian and Mexican governments should be engaged on the development of incentives to bioplastics manufacturers - especially small and medium sized. The governments‚ together with industry associations‚ are expected to be involved in developing standards and certifications for bioplastics‚ such as the Compostability Regulation. • In Brazil‚ there exist public programs for recycling plastics (such as a selective collection) and the same model could be applied for compostable
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The Olympic Games have entertained people all around the world for hundreds of years. The world’s top athletes compete against each other in sporting events ranging from swimming to sprints. The Olympics also consist of many running events. The distance runners who compete in the events must train for years to be able to compete in the Olympic Games. Throughout history‚ many changes have been made to the way distance runners train and compete. Olympic distance runners were affected throughout
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Bio-ethanol is manufactured from fermenting starch‚ wheat and sugar cane. Ethanol is also made from the hydration of ethylene from petroleum‚ though the majority of ethanol is produced by fermentation. It is considered an alternative fuel source as it is regarded to be renewable and more beneficial to the environment. As a car fuel ethanol is blended with petrol in different concentrations. In cars‚ carbon monoxide is produced from the incomplete combustion of petroleum. By adding ethanol which
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Ideal gases: No volume‚ no intermolecular forces Atoms/Molecules that are gases at room temperature Noble Gases. H2‚ N2‚ O2‚ F2‚ Cl2. Methane‚ ethane‚ propane‚ butane Gas: Fills the container. Forces of intermolecular attraction are weak. Vapor: Gas state of a substance that is usually a liquid or solid Ek = (Kinetic energy of a gas molecule) Mu2/2. U2 = 3 (R Gas Constant) (Temperature in Kelvin) / molar mass in kg Speed goes Up with temp and down with mass Pressure: Collisions with the side of a
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method‚ but has possible harmful effects on cellulose and protein and has not yet been widely adopted. Fungicides used by conservators have their problems. Thymol is toxic and banned in some places‚ orthophenyl phenol can cause health problems. Ethylene Oxide is a carcinogen so toxic to both humans and fungi (Harvey‚ 133-134). So‚ if the mold cannot be cleaned with a dry sponge or brush it is advisable to entrust it to a professional conservator to
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beverages. Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)‚ also referred to as grain alcohol‚ is obtained from the fermentation of grains or fruits‚ a process that has been widely used for thousands of years. Industrially‚ ethanol is prepared via the acid-catalyzed hydration of ethylene. All alcoholic drinks contain a certain amount of ethanol‚ which is the safest form of alcohol that is to be ingested by human. Though regarded as ‘somewhat’ safe‚ still‚ alcohol consumption is to be always observed in order to not have unwanted
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Chapter 1 1. Which is the most electronegative atom in the compound below? OH Br N H A) Carbon Ans: C B) Nitrogen C) Oxygen D) Bromine 2. Which of the following correctly describes the electrons of a carbon atom in its ground state? A) 3 s electrons; 3 p electrons B) 2 1s electrons; 4 2p electrons C) 2 1s electrons; 2 2s electrons; 2 2p electrons D) 2 1s electrons; 2 2s electrons; 4 2p electrons E) None of these choices is correct. Ans: C 3. Which of the following statements correctly
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ALL ABOUT APPLES The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree‚ species Malus domestica in the rose family (Rosaceae). It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits‚ and the most widely known of the many members of genus Malus that are used by humans. Apples grow on small‚ deciduous trees. The tree originated in Central Asia‚ where its wild ancestor‚ Malus sieversii‚ is still found today. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe‚ and were brought to North America
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Version 017 – Exam 1 – Laude – (52455) This print-out should have 30 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page – find all choices before answering. 001 1 003 6.0 points What would be pH of a 1 M solution of a very expensive weak base‚ unobtainamine‚ whose pKb is 3.4? 6.0 points 1. 12.3 correct Consider a reaction with ∆Hrxn = 997 kJ · mol−1 . Which of the following pairs of K values and temperatures is possible for this reaction? 1. K1 =
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