women differently from men‚ though the women possess as many or more admirable qualities than their male counterparts. This applies to Odysseus’ wife‚ Penelope‚ as well as Arete and Circe‚ all of whom embody power‚ an important characteristic in Ancient Greek society. The impressive yet often overlooked traits of Penelope‚ Arete‚ and Circe reveal the true natures of these powerful women and their influence over Odysseus in his journey throughout The Odyssey. Penelope displays numerous vital characteristics
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Cave (104-107) Pindar’s Odes (128) Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics (109-110) Vitruvius on Symmetry (114-116) * * * * * * values arete‚ agon‚ kalokagathia‚ kosmos‚ moira * * * * * * transcendent performances interpretive forms Palace of
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doctor in northern Greece. He entered Plato’s academy in Athens when he was eighteen years old and continued to study there for twenty years until Plato died in 347. Throughout this time Aristotle adhered to the belief that moral excellence or virtue (arête) will lead to happiness (eudemonia). It is in my opinion that Aristotle was correct in his beliefs that being a moral person and having virtue will lead to happiness. One reason that I believe that Aristotle was correct in his beliefs is based on
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they must fulfill‚ and said “function” is to achieve the Greek concept of “eudaimonia‚” or happiness. Finally‚ we should aspire to have “excellences of character.” To have an “excellence of character‚” one should seek intermediates between traits‚ an example being that the intermediate of cowardice and recklessness is courage. When combining these three principles‚ Aristotle believes that a person will achieve eudaimonia‚ a Greek word meaning overall happiness‚ or a general satisfaction with one’s
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such as Cyltemnestra and Melantho the maidservant. Other women are portrayed as the manipulative seductress‚ such as Calypso and Circe. The third type of women is the good‚ faithful‚ intelligent woman. These women include characters such as Queen Arete‚ Nausicaa and‚ above all‚ Odysseus’ wife Penelope. Homer uses these characters to depict the several ways in which women were viewed by society. The first type of woman‚ the bad‚ disrespectful woman is portrayed through two characters. Clytemnestra
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Aristotle Notes Introduction: Aristotle’s Definition of Happiness “Happiness depends on ourselves.” More than anybody else‚ Aristotle enshrines happiness as a central purpose of human life and a goal in itself. As a result he devotes more space to the topic of happiness than any thinker prior to the modern era. Living during the same period as Mencius‚ but on the other side of the world‚ he draws some similar conclusions. That is‚ happiness depends on the cultivation of virtue‚ though his virtues
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Separated by more than 8500 kilometers but only 52 years‚ two seminal thinkers have shaped the moral philosophy of their respective cultures. While Western ethical theory has been deeply influenced by Plato’s Republic‚ Eastern ethical theory has been deeply influenced by Confucius’s Analects. David Haberman describes the Republic as ‘one of the most influential books of all time’ (86). And Bryan Van Norden compares (with considerable fervor) the Analects to ‘the combined influence of Jesus and Socrates’
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exiled to the forest. So what is the nature of injustice to the hero in these epics? What customs/values inform the heroes’ responses to this injustice? How do differences in customs/values inform differences in Greek and Hindu literature? What do arête and dharma mean in these cultures? What roles do the gods play in these heroes’ predicaments? The Iliad starts off with sacking of a Trojan’s allied town and two maidens are taken as prized possession from the town‚ one for Achilles and one for
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In Paul’s writing to the Galatians‚ Paul uses several arguments to convey the idea that the God saves sinners by faith. Galatians 3:1-5‚ is Paul’s own personal argument for faith‚ and considering Paul’s use of the word bewitched‚ translated from Greek as being charmed‚ it appears that the source of the Galatians trouble might be some sort of mysticism. Thus‚ Paul uses some very strong and repeated words‚ to justify his argument for faith over the law. In verse 1‚ the Greek word anoetos‚ carries
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A human’s supreme good is eudaimonia‚ which one can achieve by living a life of reason. Eudaimonia is the Greek word for happiness and Aristotle argues that the highest good for human beings is happiness. He insists that every action performed by humans is to pursue happiness. Aristotle also argues that human action is always aimed at some end or good. Thomas Aquinas also concluded that humans have a supreme goal or purpose‚ but he does not see this as eudaimonia. Aquinas thought that as humans
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