1. Why are Socrates‚ Plato‚ and Aristotle usually considered to be the founders of Western philosophical ethics? * Because it was their determination to base ethics on reason‚ rather than on superstition or authority‚ laid the foundation upon which virtually all philosophers who followed would base their ideas and theories about morality. 2. Why do many people consider Socrates to be a martyr for truth and integrity? * Socrates is considered by many to be a martyr for truth and integrity
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Earliest Beginnings Greek Philosophy • Philosophy began when human beings tried to understand the world through the use of reason‚ rather than through religious myths or accepting the authority of others • The earliest philosophical questions were things like…. • “What is the world made of?” • “What holds the world up?” A brief overview of persons and doctrines • The first known philosopher was Thales‚ who lived in Miletus‚ in southern Asia Minor. • He thought that the world was all made
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not only unhealthy‚ but they are unquestionably not what marriages were intended to be. The United States believes marriage should be sanctioned between two people. Aristotle believes that in life a person should have intrinsic happiness called eudaimonia‚ which is lifelong flourishing happiness. Having more than one spouse would mean that they are decreasing happiness in life. Polygamy could be considered not virtuous because when a person is married to more than one person‚ it goes to show how
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good is to fulfil that purpose. This includes humans‚ Aristotle believes that humans also have a purpose and function so when it fulfils it then it reaches supreme good like other objects. He believes that the supreme good for humans is to reach eudaimonia which is to live a good life to help you flourish. He saw this as the final goal is to flourish so all the actions they do is to help them reach this in the end. This is where natural Law comes in. Aquinas took this belief and linking it with his
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DOLOR‚ Anna Graciella I. September 5‚ 2012 BSPT 1 B-2 PHILO-19 Sir. Dino Cabrera Summary of Chapter 2 “THE GREEK PHILOSOPHY: SOCRATES‚ PLATO AND ARISTOTLE” There are many different philosophers who appear during the fifth century one of this were the Sophist came from the greek word sophisma and sphizo meaning “I am wise”‚ their philosophy influenced Greece that led to democracy. The Sophist
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followers of this theory know how to respond. The origins of Natural Law are found with the Stoics‚ and Aristotle‚ before being further developed by Cicero‚ and then finalised by St. Thomas Aquinas in the 13th Century. It aims allow for flourishing – Eudaimonia for Aristotle – in society‚ or ultimately perfection for Aquinas‚ by following the five Primary Precepts‚ as well as the Secondary Precept. These form the basis of the theory‚ and were brought together by Aquinas‚ when had formed the theory and
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In this paper‚ I will examine Aristotle’s understanding of virtue and his explanation of virtuous actions as presented in Nicomachean Ethics. In Book II of the work‚ Aristotle distinguishes between moral virtues‚ which are learned through habit and practice‚ and intellectual virtues‚ which are learned through instruction. However‚ it is not until later in Book II that Aristotle actually defines virtue. He opens Chapter 5 with‚ "Next we must consider what virtue is" (35) and at its end asserts that
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1. a) Explain how Plato’s epistemological assumptions shape his metaphysics (Why does he think that there must be Forms? Hint: Plato says (in effect): “Since knowledge is certain‚ therefore the objects of knowledge must be unchanging.”). b) Define Plato’s Forms and present the theory of Forms by explaining the “divided line.” (You can use the visual image‚ but explain it.) Plato was extremely devoted in answering the sophists’ skepticism about reason and morality. To do so‚ he spent more
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Some might argue that flying airplanes has a bad impact on the environment in terms of the noise and emissions they emit. This contention has lead to a debate where the question whether one should be allowed to fly or if it can be considered as morally unjust due to the negative consequences the issue might raise. One can therefore look into different theories such as utilitarianism‚ categorical imperative or virtue ethics to analyze whether the issue can be justified or not. One could also consider
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------------------------------------------------- The Greek Philosophy of Man ------------------------------------------------- The Greek Philosophers Socrates‚ Plato and Aristotle taught that the proper way to solve the problem of man is to first inquire into and discover the true nature of man. ------------------------------------------------- The solution to his present problems caused mostly by ignorance or lack of knowledge‚ can be found by recalling all what he knew clearly in his former
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