-1Determination of an Unknown Liquid (2-butanol) Through Fundamental Analysis Lee Billips Department of Chemistry‚ Shippensburg University‚ 1871 Old Main Drive. Shippensburg‚ PA‚ 17257. Abstract: The identification and characterization of unknowns are an important part of organic chemistry. It is fundamental to know experimental methods to deductively identify compounds (1) . The determination of unknown #6 (2-butanol) was identified by a series of test; first taking the boiling point (94-96
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concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The product was washed with sodium hydrogen carbonate‚ as well as with water‚ then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The product was then distilled using a Hickman still and characterized using infrared spectroscopy. The percent yield of isopentyl acetate was 61.52%. This may have been low due to not all of the condensed product being removed from the Hickman still‚ some product being lost during transfer of the product from the reaction tube into the Hickman
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objective of this laboratory experiment is to study both SN1 and SN2 reactions. The first part of the lab focuses on synthesizing 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol by using an SN2 mechanism. The obtained product will then be analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and refractive index. The second part of the lab concentrates on how different factors influence the rate of SN1 reactions. The factors that will be examined are the leaving group‚ Br versus Cl-; the structure of the alkyl group‚ 3◦ versus
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Experiment 15 & 16: Preparation of 1-bromobutane‚ an SN2 reaction Preparation of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane‚ an SN1 reaction Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and sodium bromide. In order for this reaction to reach completion there are four major operations that need to be performed. The four major operations include refluxing‚ simple distillation‚ separation‚ and drying. To begin‚ in order for the compounds to react they will be dissolved
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shape of particles. These range from basic (generally older) techniques such as sieving and use of optical microscopes through to more advanced techniques‚ such as using a coulter counter‚ a scanning electron microscope or photon cross correlation spectroscopy. You will cover a range of techniques in the lectures that accompany this section of the module and you should refer to your lecture notes for further details. The aim of this practical is to examine different techniques used in particle size analysis;
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experiment is to isolate‚ purify and identify compounds 1 and 2 which contain 4-chlorobenzaldehyde‚ methanol‚ and aqueous potassium hydroxide. Compounds 1 and 2 are purified by crystallization. . The purified product will be characterized by IR spectroscopy and melting point. As detailed in Pavia ’s Organic Laboratory techniques the reaction is expected to proceed via the following reaction: Aqueous Organic The mechanism is shown below:
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Isolation of Essential Oils by Steam Distillation Procedure Part A Apparatus 1.) Using a 20- or 25-mL round-bottom flask (for distillation) and a 10-mL round-bottom flask (for collection) assemble a distillation apparatus 2.) Use an aluminum block to heat and insert a water condenser 3.) The collection flask may be immersed in ice to ensure condensation of the distillate Preparing the Spice 1.) Weigh approximately 1.0 g of your spice or herb onto a piece of weighing paper and record the exact
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Biosynthesis‚ characterization and applications of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas cepacia using de-oiled rice-bran Garima Bhardwaj1‚ Swaranjit Singh Cameotra2‚ Harish Kumar Chopra1* 1*Department of Chemistry‚ Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology‚ Longowal - 148106‚ Distt. Sangrur (Pb.)‚ India. E-mail: hk67@rediffmail.com Fax: 91-1672-280072; Tel: 91-1672-305204 (O) 2Institute of Microbial Technology‚ Sector-39-A‚ Chandigarh-160036‚ India Abstract: Pseudomonas cepacia MTCC
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use the reagent prepared to synthesise a tertiary alcohol (triphenylmethanol) by reacting reagent and ester (methyl benzoate)‚ and the product formed is analyse by infrared spectroscopy (IR)‚ melting point‚ thin layer chromatography (TLC)‚ gas chromatography mass spectrum (GCMS) and finally Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Introduction Formation of long hydrocarbon chain compound as becomes very useful in organic chemistry synthesis. In 1912‚ Victor Grignard a French chemist was awarded Nobel
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absolute zero - a theoretical condition concerning a system at zero Kelvin where asystem does not emit or absorb energy (all atoms are at rest) accuracy - how close a value is to the actual or true value; also see precision acid - a compound that‚ when dissolved in water‚ gives a pH of less than 7.0 or a compound that donates a hydrogen ion acid anhydride - a compound with two acyl groups bound to a single oxygen atom acid dissociation constant - an equilibrium constant for the dissociation of
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