Archasea Bacteria Luca Last Universal Common Ancestor Lucas Characheristics deduce form shared characteristics of A + B today: DNA (cf. RNA) genome No nuclear membrane or intracellular organelles Electron Transport Chains (ETC)- ATP (energy) Proteins Same genetic code Prokaryontes 2.75 bya‚ are responsible for a dramatic increase in atmospheric O2. Cyanobacteria = photosynthesizing bacteria + related prokaryontes Evidence of O2 increase: Rust in rock
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metabolism. Centriole: a structure in an animal cell composed of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern. An animal usually has a pair of centrioles within each of its centrosomes. Chloroplasts: photosynthesizing organelles of all photosynthetic eukaryotes. Competitive inhibition: resembles the enzyme’s normal substrate and competes with the substrate for the active site on the enzyme. Countercurrent exchange: the transfer of a substance from a fluid or volume of air moving in one direction to
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2. The fossil record provides information about the subsequent evolution of living things 2.1 identify the major stages in the evolution of living things‚ including the formation of: - organic molecules - membranes - prokaryotic heterotrophic cells - prokaryotic autotrophic cells - eukaryotic cells - colonial organisms - multicellular organisms 2.5 process and analyse information to construct a timeline of the main events that occurred during the evolution of life on earth Identify: recognise
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transforms solar energy into chemical energy. * Photosynthesis All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are called? * Metabolism All single-celled organisms including archaea and bacteria are prokaryotes? * False‚ because some Eukaryotes‚ including Protista are single- celled. Prokaryotes belong to? * Domain Archaea Which of the following correctly list the classification categories from least to most inclusive? * species‚ genus‚ family‚ order‚ class‚ phylum‚ kingdom‚
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Topic 2: Cells 2.1.1 Outline the cell theory Outline: To give a brief account or summary All living things are made of cells Cells are the smallest unit of life Cells come from pre-existing cells 2.1.2 Discuss the evidence for the cell theory Discuss: Give an account including‚ where possible‚ a range of arguments for and against the relative importance of various factors‚ or comparisons of alternative hypotheses. 1: All living things are made of cells When living things are observed
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Cell Processes and Body Organisation Nucleus The nucleus is the largest‚ most prominent organelle‚ usually spherical and roughly about 10mm in diameter. Every eukaryote cell‚ with the exception of red blood cells due to their very specific function‚ has a nucleus. The nucleus’ function is to store DNA‚ it does so in two ways: One is tightly packed and this is called heterochromatin‚ this isn’t read. And the other is loosely packed‚ named euchromatin. Euchromatin is the actively read material
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organisms such as protists‚ fungi‚ plants and animals consist of structurally more complex eukaryotic cells. In this experiment‚ we took an animal cell (cheek cell) and a plant cell (onion cell) as well as starch (potato cell) as representatives of the eukaryotes to be examined under a light microscope with the magnification of 100x and 400x. Objective: To understand the structure of plant cells and animal cells. To study the structure of cells under different magnifications. To differentiate between
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CLC108/CLB108 Tutorial #1 1. 2. Define Cell Theory. Discuss the similarities & differences between prokaryotes & eukaryotes‚ with diagrammatic illustrations. Discuss the similarities & differences between plant & animal cells‚ with diagrammatic illustrations. Describe the Davson-Danielli model of plasma membrane with diagrammatic illustration. State the function(s) of the following cell organelles: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) 6. Golgi complex Mitochondria Smooth ER Rough ER Ribosomes Lysosome 3.
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Chapter 17 Louis Pasteur’s experiment illustrated that: microbes will not grow in a nutrient broth that has been sterilized unless air is allowed to enter the vessel through an opening. Living organisms can spontaneously generate from nonliving matter. True or False? False The scientists usually given credit for disproving the theory of spontaneous generation of bacteria are: Tyndall & Pasteur Miller and Urey’s experiments attempting to recreate the prebiotic environment produced a rich mixture
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The following is a sample of the type of exams that I will be giving in class. Try completing this exam in 45 minutes. This should be roughly half the size of your exam. Nick 1) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a) immunologist – studies ecology of Legionella pneumophila b) virologist -- studies human immunodeficiency virus c) Microbial ecologist -- studies bacteria that degrade oil d) Microbial physiologist – studies fermentation of sourdough bread e) Molecular biologist
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