phospholipid bilayers with embedded proteins • The outer plasma membrane isolates cell contents controls what gets in and out of the cell receives signals 2. Genetic material in the form of DNA Prokaryotes – no membrane around the DNA Eukaryotes – DNA is within a membrane 3. Cytoplasm with ribosomes Cytoplasm – fluid area inside outer plasma membrane and outside DNA region Ribosomes – make proteins Cell Structure All Cells have: an outermost plasma membrane genetic material
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fertilized egg develops into a mature organism and the process by which hair‚ skin‚ blood cells‚ and some internal organs are formed. 1. What is meant by the cell cycle or cell division cycle? 2. In what type of cells --- prokaryotes or eukaryotes --- does the cell cycle occur? 3. Name the 2 main PHASES of the cell cycle. 4. __________ is in between the times when a cell is dividing. 5. What is occurring in a cell during interphase? 6. What is occurring during the mitosis
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Asexual Reproduction in Animals Group 3 Nina Bansil Kenneth Calabia Josef Franz Cruz I. Introduction Asexual reproduction is reproduction which does not involve meiosis‚ ploidy reduction‚ or fertilization. Only one parent is involved in asexual reproduction. A more stringent definition is agamogenesis which refers to reproduction without the fusion of gametes. Asexual reproduction is the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as the archaea‚ bacteria‚ and protists
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Chapter 1 Cell Theory- in the 18th century‚ two scientists came up with the cell theory. Schleiden and Schwen. 3 corollaries of the cell theory: -all cells are alike in chemical composition -all cells store and process information in the same way -all cells arise from other cell through cell division 5 types of different Microscopes 1. Light Microscope- produces 2-D image Direct descendants of Hooks scope> take two lenses to a light source> used this to magnify images up to 1‚000 fold.
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Discuss the significance of each of the events listed below in the evolution of living organisms. a. b. c. d. 6. Primordial reducing atmosphere Origin of photosynthesis Increase in atmospheric oxygen and the development of the ozone layer. Origin of eukaryotes Many areas of North America that were once covered with many small lakes and ponds have undergone succession and are now continuously covered with forests. Give a detailed description of the events (biotic and abiotic factors) that lead to the
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Introduction: Mitosis occurs in all eukaryotic cell tissues and produces genetically identical daughter cells with a complete set of chromosomes. In humans‚ mitosis produces somatic cells that are diploid‚ which means they contain two non-identical copies of each of the twenty-three chromosomes. One copy is derived from the person’s mother and the other from the person’s father. Meiosis‚ on the other hand‚ occurs only in testis and ovary tissues‚ producing sperm and ova (eggs). The gametes that
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Food Chain: A sequence that links species by their feeding relationships. Herbivores: Organisms that only eat plants. Carnivores: Organisms that only eat animals. Omnivores: Organisms that eat both plants and animals. Detritivores: Organisms that eat detritus‚ or dead organic matter. Specialist: A consumer that primary eats one specific organism. Generalist: Consumer that has varying diet. Trophic levels: The levels of nourishment in a food chain. Food Web: Shows the network of feeding relationships
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Cells‚ Cell Division‚ and Cell Specialization Fundamentally Different Types of Cell Prokaryotic Cell- single celled: only DNA+ structure (“before nucleus”) E.g. zygote-complete DNA Eukaryotic Cell-multi-celled (“after nucleus”) Prokaryotes Eukaryotes DNA In “nucleoid” region Within membrane-bound nucleus Chromosomes Single‚ circular Multiple‚ linear Organelles None Membrane-bound organelles Size Usually smaller Usually larger- 50 times Organization Usually single-celled Often multicellular
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Chapter 1/2 Bio Study Guide Section 1.1-Scientific Method Science- An organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world Scientific Method 1. Collecting observations 2. Asking questions 3. Forming a hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Analyze results and draw conclusions 6. Revise hypothesis Control Group- a group in the experiment that receives no experimental treatment Independent Variable- Variable that you change in the experiment X-axis Dependent
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necessary for the building of functional proteins in a cell. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in a cell‚ and there are two different types‚ depending on the type of cell. Only the 70S ribosomes are found in prokaryotes (bacteria‚ archaea). Eukaryotes‚ (cells that contain a membrane-bound nucleus)‚ have both 70S and 80S ribosomes. The 70S ribosomes are present in mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells (Willey‚ et al‚ 20083). The theory of endosymbiosis is based on the thought
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