Synthesis of Butyl Benzoate Using Phase Transfer Catalysis The objective of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane‚ 3.0 g of sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL of water‚ 4 drops of Aliquat 336‚ and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask
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CHM 3411 – Problem Set 6 Due date: Wednesday‚ March 23rd. Do all of the following problems. Show your work. 1) Consider the cyclic molecule C8H8‚ the eight carbon analogue to benzene. a) Write the secular detrerminant corresponding to the pi-bonding in C8H8. b) Using the secular determinant‚ the following energies are found for the pi-bonding molecular orbitals: 1 = + 2 2 = + 1.41 (two states) 3 = (two states) 4 = - 1.41 (two states) 5 = - 2 Give the electron
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Questions and Hypothesis: Seed germination‚ plant growth‚ and sprouting of leaves are affected by several factors: supply of nutrients‚ water‚ exposure to sunlight‚ and conditions of surroundings. Due to certain stimuli in the surroundings plant “hormones” cause plants to behave in ways that ensure the most efficient use of resources while preserving the most energy. One stimulus to consider‚ is the exposure of plants to sunlight; when plants are just sprouting and are underground‚ the sti
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Planarian Lab Report Hanna Klein Bishop Fenwick High School Planarian Lab Report Introduction Planarian worms are free-living flatworms that are not parasitic. Planarians have a three-cavity digestive system. Planarians are usually either carnivorous or scavengers. Planarians may eat other living‚ as well as dead‚ invertebrates‚ detritus or decaying organic matter. Planarians do not realize that are eating a lot‚ and can over eat resulting in death. Most planarians are freshwater forms that can
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Experiment AM1.2—Centrifugal Force Student name JunJie Liu Student ID 1512042 Experiment Date 11 Feb 2015 Lab group Mech 7 Introduction In this lab report we show the basic methods of measuring centrifugal force using two counter balanced bell-cranks spin on a turntable (shows in figure 1) and able to calculate the centrifugal force with given conditions shows in figure 1. *Figure
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BIOLOGY LAB REPORT (UNIT 7: ENZYMES) GENERAL Enzymes are protein that acts as catalyst‚ lowering the activation energy need for reactions to progress in cells. The reaction can still occur without the presence of the enzyme‚ but at a much slower rate. The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy need for a chemical reaction to occur‚ yielding from a given set of reactants. In enzymatic reactions‚ we have substrates which are reactants of reaction bound to an enzyme. While an active site
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Lab Report Diffusion is - One of two kinds of passive transport‚ - Diffusion can transport ions from higher concentration to lower concentration region without any other forces. - A net movement of molecules in and out of cell membrane - Diffusion can be affected by the steepness of the concentration gradient. Lab question: Is the rate of diffusion influenced by the presence of second molecule? Prediction: the rate of diffusion is influenced by the presence of second molecule
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transporter‚ enzyme‚ cell surface receptor‚ identity markers and cell adhesion. Each of these types are greatly important in the functioning of cells in eukaryote organisms. Intercellular communication is needed for a eukaryotic organism to survive as it needs to be able to interact with the external environment. Cells would not produce needed products for the body to use to manage the internal environment as they cannot receive any signals from the receptor cells‚ without cell surface receptors and
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Introduction In unit 7.3 the experiment tested the ability of lactase to specifically bind and interact with lactose compared to maltose. In unit 7.4 the experiment tested the role‚ if any‚ that metal ions have on the activity of lactase. My hypothesis for unit 7.3 was knowing that lactase is specific for lactose‚ lactose will separate into galactose and glucose‚ as maltose will not change (153-155). Lactase should like lactose. For unit 7.4 my hypothesis was that EDTA will remove the ions‚ and
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Limiting Reagent and Percent Yield Aim To determine the limiting reagent between the reaction of lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide. To determine the percent yield of lead (II) iodide. Date Started: 13/4/12. Finished: 19/4/12. Data collection and processing Measurements: * Amount of distilled water: 75.0ml ± 0.5ml. * Mass of watch glass: 31.65g ± 0.01g. * Mass of watch glass + potassium iodide: 32.45g ± 0.01g. * Mass of potassium iodide: 0.8g ± 0.02g. * Mass of watch
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