Free trade and protectionism Free trade: It takes place between countries when there are no barriers to trade put in place by governments or international organization. Good and services are allowed to move freely between countries Pros Cons Protecting domestic employment Protecting the economy from low cost labour Protecting an infant (sunrise) industry To avoid the risks of over-specialization Strategic reasons To prevent dumping To protect product standards To raise government revenues
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International Economics‚ 9e (Krugman et al.) Chapter 9 The Instruments of Trade Policy 9.1 Basic Tariff Analysis 1) Specific tariffs are A) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes. B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods. C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods. D) the same as import quotas. E) import taxes calculated based solely on the origin country. Answer: B Page Ref: 192-198 Difficulty: Easy
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International Trade Theories Mercantilism Mercantilism was a sixteenth-century economic philosophy that maintained that a country’s wealth was measured by its holdings of gold and silver (Mahoney‚ Trigg‚ Griffin‚ & Pustay‚ 1998). This recquired the countries to maximise the difference between its exports and imports by promoting exports and discouraging imports. The logic was transparent to sixteenth-century policy makers-if foreigners buy more goods from you than you buy from them‚ then the foreigners
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building sector specializing in construction equipment‚ tractors‚ agricultural machinery‚ and some military items. Trade‚ Exports and Imports Kazakhstan’s economy relies heavily on oil and gas exports. In 2008‚ these resources accounted for 73% of the country’s total exports and its trade surplus was $33.3 billion. Partly to the global economic crisis‚ the nation’s foreign trade dropped by more than 40% in 2009 from the 2008 levels. Turkmenistan‚ another major oil exporter in the region‚ also suffered
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Tectonics Division of Pakistan Defination: Tectonics zones of Pakistan are the Eurasian Plate‚ Arabian Plate and Indian Plate which is part of Indo-Australian Plate. Eurasian Plate: The Eurasian Plate is a tectonic plate which includes most of the continent of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional continents of Europe and Asia)‚ with the notable exceptions of the Indian subcontinent‚ the Arabian subcontinent‚ and the area east of the Chersky Range in East Siberia. It also
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Analyze the role of slavery and Triangular trade in the Colonial mercantile structure and for the primitive accumulation of Capital that allowed the take off of Capitalism? The slave trade originated in a shortage of labor in the New World. The first slaves used were Native American people‚ but they were not numerous enough and were being decimated by European cruelty and diseases. It was also impossible to convince enough Europeans to migrate to the colonies‚ despite attempts to distribute free
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International Trade Theories Name Institution International Trade Theories International trade entails the exchange of goods and/or services amongst nations. Such economic exchanges have taken place for several centuries and now‚ more than ever before‚ all countries are becoming an intrinsic part of the world economy. This has led to the increased usage of concepts such as spaceship earth and global village which reflect the fact that the modern marketplace is fundamentally international
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5 The Theory of Trade and Investment 1 Learning Objectives To understand the traditional arguments of how and why international trade improves the welfare of all countries To review the history and compare the implications of trade theory from the original work of Adam Smith to the contemporary theories of Michael Porter To examine the criticisms of classical trade theory and examine alternative viewpoints of which business and economic forces determine trade patterns between
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Department of Economics Compiled by Prof E Ziramba INTERNATIONAL TRADE Only study guide for ECS302-E UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PRETORIA © 2010 University of South Africa All rights reserved Printed and published by the University of South Africa Muckleneuk‚ Pretoria ECS302E/1/2011 – 2013 iii ECS302-E/1/2011-2013 CONTENTS Page 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................
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countries engage in international trade This article at explaining why countries engage in international trade. Now days it is not uncommon to find that the main objective of a trade policy of almost all countries is to promote international trade. Countries have gone ahead to engage in trade negotiations all in the interest of enabling international trade. But then‚ why do countries engage in international trade? Why are there global attempts to liberalize international trade rather than promote autarky-a
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