Groupe Eurotunnel History Early projects 1802 In 1802‚ French mining engineer Albert Mathieu-Favier put forward the first ever design for a cross-Channel fixed link based on the principle of a bored two-level tunnel: the top one‚ paved and lit by oil lamps‚ to be used by horse-drawn stagecoaches ; the bottom one would be used for groundwater flows. 1803 In 1803‚ the Englishman Henry Mottray unveils another project for a cross-Channel fixed link: a submerged tunnel made of prefabricated
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AP Euro themes 1. Decline of the Holy Roman Empire Protestant reformation‚ Schmalkaldic wars‚ 30 years war Protestant reformation • Martin Luther 95 theses cause a shift in religious society (spread throughout Europe because of Gutenberg’s printing press) • He spread his different views on indulgences‚ Salvation by faith alone‚ only two valid sacraments (compared to the catholic 7)‚ and the church as being subordinate to the state • Made people question the existing authority of HRE and church
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AP EUROPEAN HISTORY NOTES- Filled with silliness and inside jokes‚ enjoy at your leisure :) If something is in [] brackets‚ it is only written in there for our pleasure‚ ignore it if you are looking for actual information. • 7: The Renaissance and Reformation- 1350-1600 Key: UMSUniversal o Georgio Vasari- Rinascita=rebirth (like Renaissance) painter/architect Male Suffrage o Individualism: People sought to receive personal credit for achievements‚ unlike medieval ideal of “all glory goes to
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case fourteen Euro Disney: From Dream to Nightmare‚ 1987–94 Robert M. Grant At the press conference announcing Euro Disneyland SCA’s financial results for the year ended September 30‚ 1994‚ CEO Philippe Bourguignon summed up the year in succinct terms: “The best thing about 1994 is that it’s over.” In fact‚ the results for the year were better than many of Euro Disneyland’s long-suffering shareholders had predicted. Although revenues were down 15 percent – the result of falling visitor numbers
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Chapter 13: European State Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Chapter Overview •From the early seventeenth century through World War II‚ no region so dominated the world politically‚ militarily‚ and economically as Europe. •During this period‚ power shifted from the Mediterranean area—where Spain and Portugal had taken a lead in the conquest and early exploitation of the New World—to the states of northwest and later north-central Europe. •Five major states‚ Great Britain
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Instructions for AP BIOLOGY Investigation 12-Fruit Fly Behavior *We will be using Roly-polies (Armadillidium vulgare) to study animal behavior instead of fruit flies. They are members of a family of woodlice in the order Isopoda that are able to roll into a ball. When writing up this lab‚ substitute A. vulgare or “roly-poly” or “pillbug” for Drosophila melanogaster throughout. **You still have to know the basics of fruit fly behavior‚ so be sure to read the lab carefully and save the lab handout
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During the 20th century‚ many different views arose concerning the unification of a previously divided Europe. Opinions varied depending on the individuals country and heritage‚ but largely because unification could improve conditions in some countries‚ while jeopardizing the conditions in others. Those in favor of a unified Europe usually had something to gain from it‚ while those who were against it had something to lose. Many countries were tired after WW1 and WW2‚ and interested in finding
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Two of the major powers in Europe quickly took the lead in settling the New World. The first‚ Spain‚ was very interested in acquiring huge amounts of gold‚ silver‚ and other rare valuables. In fact‚ the only reason they stumbled upon America is because they were en route to the Far East in search of the "fabled wealth of the Indies." What they found turned out to be much more valuable than a shipload of gold. A new continent was discovered-- one with unbelievable potential. Spain was able to take
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Euro Zone Financial Crisis Summary The European sovereign debt crisis (often referred to as the Euro zone crisis) is an ongoing financial crisis that has made it difficult or impossible for some countries in the euro area to repay or re-finance their government debt without the assistance of third parties. In 1992‚ members of the European Union signed the Maastricht Treaty‚ under which they pledged to limit their deficit spending and debt levels. Many of the member states fail to accompany with
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Italian Renaissance Study Guide Italy A. Italian City States 1. Papal States (Rome) 2. Florence 3. Venice 4. Genoa 5. Milan 6. Savoy B. Wealth 1. Venice and Genoa make lots of money in trade 2. The Papal states make money from donations‚ pilgrimages‚ sale of indulgences 3. Wealth is an important catalyst of the Renaissance‚ wealthy patrons pay for art C. Islamic World 1. The Ottoman Empire is wealthy and an important trading partner for Venice and Genoa 2. Christian contacts
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