The early modern europe period was characterized by profound changes in many realms of human endeavor. Among the most important include the development of science as a formalized practice‚ increasingly rapid technological progress‚ and the establishment of secularized civic politics‚ law courts and the nation state. Capitalist economies began to develop in a nascent form‚ first in the northern Italian republics such as Genoa and Venice and in the cities of the Low Countries‚ later in France‚ Germany
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The Making of Europe In The Making of Europe‚ Christopher Dawson set out to rewrite European History from a European point-of-view to understand the unity of the common civilization instead of a national identity. He advocates for Europe to develop a common European consciousness and a sense of its historic and organic unity. Dawson argues that there should not be a separate history for each country‚ but a common history entertained with all. The Making of Europe adeptly corroborates Dawson’s thesis
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The most significant process of state emerging in Europe was in XV-XVII centuries. In XIX century‚ the European states took a modern form that became the ideal type of state as the most famous definition from the German sociologist‚ Max Weber: “is a human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory” (1958‚ 78). The formation of the ideal type had identified the followed politics within the new social organization in the historical
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Essay Question: Describe and analyze the ways in which 16th century Roman Catholics defended their faith against the Protestant Reformation. As a result of the vast expansion of Protestantism and quickly decreasing numbers in Roman Catholics‚ the Counter Reformation was initiated by the Roman Catholic Church in order to reconcile the Catholics and Protestants into one faith. The Roman Catholics attempted to achieve this goal through several methods‚ addressing the abuses of the Church by accepting
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The Feudal System in Medieval Europe (7th‐14th Century A.D.) 1 A Summary by kiplangat cheruiyot An Introduction At the beginning of medieval age in Europe‚ based on a feeble resource of data‚ it is believed that between 80‐90% of the economic activity was agriculture. Nearly everybody therefore‚ earned a living through agriculture as an economic activity. The economic structure prevailing then became known as Feudalism‚ a term which has come
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article entitled “Europe as a Way of Life” is the last chapter in highly acclaimed book named “Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945” written by Tony Judt‚ a British historian and university professor specialized in European history particular in modern French history. He was a Marxist with Jewish background. He also was the author who wrote over fifteen books and was a frequent contributor to the several journal including the New York Review of Books many other journals in Europe. The article describes
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The Impact of Printing in Europe Introduction Even though reading and writing skills were regarded advantageous in medieval Europe‚ it remains a practical skill for many‚ a criterion rather than a cultural requirement. Numerous medieval rulers and even Church prelates were uneducated; however‚ they were urbane or civilized‚ for they had appointed scribes and readers. The significance of literacy as a sensible qualification is shown in the laws formulated by an archbishop of York in 1483 for a university
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roots in religion and has tussled with it‚ especially in the form of the Catholic Church of Europe during the Middle Ages. It is believed to have originated in Hellenistic Egypt‚ and closely tied to Hermes Trismegistus‚ who may have been a combination of Egyptian Thoth and Greek Hermes (Budge 414-415). However‚ the transmission of alchemy to Medieval Europe is believed to have occured in the early twelfth century‚ with Robert of Chester serving as one of the earliest translators of Arabic texts and knowledge
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What were the geopolitical realities of Europe at the end of the 19th century? What alliances were the result? What destabilized the alliance system? Between 1870 and 1914‚ European states were locked in a competition within Europe for territorial dominance and control. In the years 1871 to 1914‚ European diplomacy involved an increasingly precarious balance of power. The politics of geography combined with rising nationalist movements in southern Europe and the Ottoman Empire to create an increasingly
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THE IDEA OF EUROPE: FINAL EXAM Instructions: Answer 4 (FOUR) out of the five questions below. Write your ID-number and the question number at the top of every page. Use a new sheet of paper for each new question. Write down your answers in the form of a mini-essay (at least one page per question)‚ demonstrating a combination of conceptual insight and factual knowledge. Write in complete‚ grammatically correct English and legibly. Questions: 1. Historian Norman Davies observes that
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