emergence of a supra-national European citizen Kostas Theologou‚ PhD NTUA The emergence of a supra-national European citizen ABSTRACT This paper examines the emergence of European citizenship as a procedure of merging national (partial) characteristics into a supra-national formation. The paper summarizes the catalysts to the formation of a Pan-demos Europe. No doubt‚ the role of the nation-state is changing within the institutional frame-work of the European Union. The model of citizenship
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Maastricht mark a milestone in creating a political union? The Treaty of Maastricht‚ formerly known as the Treaty of the European Union came at a pivotal time in European history. Eastern Europe was a victim of the collapse of Communism‚ which had a strong impact on the European Commission (EC) as this meant new potential markets were open which they were keen to take over (Bache‚ 2001:124). However‚ the collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union meant that there was unsettlement in the east. During
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P&G’S Pert Plus: A Pan-European Product? QUESTION 1 How attractive is the pan-European market for Pert Plus in terms of demand potential? Competition? Any cannibalization problems? P&G is an international supplier of consumer goods it is a "global leader in health and beauty care products‚ detergents‚ diapers and food . P&G’s presence in the hair care market in the U.S has been strengthened by innovative technology BC-18 and the replacement of an old brand ’Pert’ with ’Pert Plus’- a mild shampoo
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS IN THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Giedrė LAPINSKIENĖ Vilnius Gediminas Technical University‚ LT-10223 Vilnius‚ Sauletekio‚ 11‚ E-mail: gielap@gmail.com Abstract. Taking into account the current financial crisis‚ the European Commission has launched the new strategy “Europe 2020‚” released as the follow up to the Lisbon strategy. Both strategies encourage the European Union countries to be competitive and to maintain the sustainable development
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– CFM RO – an 1 European cinema is more complex than American cinema. The above statement does not entirely reflect the reality. At the level of creative expressions‚ the relationship between these two continents has always been‚ to say the very least‚ a two-way road. The exchanges concerning Hollywood and the international cinema scene are long-standing and deeply rooted. During the formation of classical Hollywood cinema‚ many of its key architects were in fact European emigrants – Lubitsch
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privacy of citizens‚ and evidence proved to be obtained in such a manner is not admissible. However‚ this rule has stirred up a lot of controversy in the United States and not all countries have the same perspective on this issue. In Europe‚ The European Court of Human Rights holds a slightly different position on the rights people have and the way evidence is obtained. The exclusionary rule is defined as “The principle based on federal Constitutional Law that evidence illegally seized by law enforcement
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Assignment 2 – Martin Clarke – 13012371 – 04/10/2013 It could be said that the European Commission has a vocation to further the interests of the (European) Community as a whole. The primary functions of the Commission are to propose new legislation to the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union as well as ensuring that EU law is correctly applied within the member states. To be able to agree with the claim that the Commission is furthering EU interests as whole by performing these
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4. VITAMIN CARTEL CASE 4.1 EU INVESTIGATION FINDINGS According to the World Trade Organization (WTO) (2001)‚ in 1989 two European vitamins manufacturers Roche and BASF started the cartels. They decided to increase the prices of vitamins A and E gradually to a geographic division to the world’s markets. Roche and BASF skillfully garnered over seventy percent of sales in these markets and later successfully co-opted their principal rivals‚ Rhone-Poulenc and Eisai. Through 1991‚ these four companies
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English Part 2 Words: 1132June 4‚ 2013 Gender Quota in European Companies Women are having a hard time reaching top positions in companies. The European Union recognizes this problem and decided to implement new laws that require quotas for women in businesses. According to the European Commission‚ women need to work an extra of 59 days to match the salary earned by men‚ which makes an average gender pay gap of 16.2% across the European Union in 2010. ("Equal pay day:‚" 2013). The reason why the
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European Integration of Ukraine is the main task‚ which unites government and opposition In connection with the new political season‚ which began not only in the Ukrainian Parliament‚ but also in the European Parliament‚ delegation of MPs of Ukraine from the Party of Regions arrived on an official visit to Strasbourg. Delegation members are Chairman of the Party of Regions parliamentary faction Olexander Yefremov‚ Deputy Chairman of the Party of Regions for International Affairs Leonid Kozhara
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