Report on Costa v ENEL The following report gives a short overview on the judgment of the European Court of Justice of 15 July 1964‚ the so called Costa v ENEL case. Besides the judgment itself the report also refers to the treaty on European Union and the treaty establishing the European Community as well as to the book “Comparative Law in a Changing World”. Due to article 234 (ex 177) EC‚ giving the European Court of Justice the jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings concerning among others the
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The European Union‚ which was previously known as the European Community is an institutional framework that began in 1951 between six countries with the intention of constructing a unified Europe. The European Union was created after World War II to economically and politically unite Europe so that another war among the European nations would not occur. The enlargement of the European Union is a historic opportunity to foster peace after generations of division and conflict. After fifty plus years
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caselaw. Article 258 TFEU (Formerly Art 226 EC) empowers the European Commission to deliver a reasoned opinion to a member state when it considers that the state has failed to fulfil an obligation under the treaties. The action seeks to “fulfil an obligation under the EC Treaty” and to “obtain a declaration that the conduct of a Member State infringes Community Law and of terminating that conduct”. If the Court of Justice of the European Union finds that the member state has failed to fulfil the obligation
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History of US 1 March 20‚ 2014 Professor Mohanty European exploration to the Americas had a very substantial affect‚ not only on their own culture‚ but also on the culture of the Native Americans. Many Native American tribes had to adapt and assimilate with the European explorers and settlers as their lives became increasingly disrupted and altered as settlement increased and flourished. The purpose of this paper will be to discuss the effect European exploration and trade had on Native groups of people
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Mary McAuley sets out to describe the failure of communism in Russia and its sudden collapse in 1989-91. The Russian political experiment failed due to the following reasons‚ Communist theory assumes that all humans are basically good‚ well-motivated‚ and possess equal capabilities and motivation. This simply isn’t so‚ and Communism never found any way to overcome the problems this assumption caused. The failure of communism is due to human nature. Power corrupts. If Stalin was not corrupted by his
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OF PRODUCTS WHICH‚ WITHOUT BEING SIMILAR WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE FIRST PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 95‚ ARE NEVERTHELESS IN COMPETITION‚ EVEN PARTIAL‚ INDIRECT OR POTENTIAL COMPETITION‚ WITH EACH OTHER . Parties IN CASE 184/85 COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES‚ REPRESENTED BY ENRICO TRAVERSA‚ A MEMBER OF THE COMMISSION’ S LEGAL DEPARTMENT‚ WITH AN ADDRESS FOR SERVICE IN LUXEMBOURG AT THE OFFICE OF G . KREMLIS‚ ALSO A MEMBER OF THE COMMISSION’ S LEGAL DEPARTMENT‚ JEAN MONNET BUILDING‚ KIRCHBERG
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After the tragedies of World War II‚ European leaders have made striving efforts to prevent such a catastrophic event from occurring on their continent again. The best solution seemed to be highly mechanized cooperation among the highest European powers to assure that future conflict‚ and perhaps war‚ could not arise between them. If all the states ran themselves in a manner cooperating with their neighbors‚ conflict could be avoided. To prevent other nations from not cooperating‚ treaties and
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Chapter 3: European Exploration and Colonization Trade Route to Asia in the 1400s European Trade With Asia Traders - people who get wealth by buying items from a group of people at a low price and selling those things to other people at higher prices. European countries use trade to gain wealth The stronger countries in Europe in the 1400s and 1500s England‚ Spain‚ France and Portugal. Kings and queens wanted to gain wealth - to build larger armies and navies to dominate other countries
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In this paper‚ we are going to look at Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)‚ which is defined by the United States Census Bureau. This MSA is also be called as Tampa Bay Area. It is a region close to Tampa Bay and west of central Florida. Throughout this paper‚ I will collect data from different categories of the Tampa MSA and going to mainly focus on these areas: population and population growth‚ population density‚ race & ethnicity‚ immigration‚ education attainment
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The european Union historical key-data points The European Union was created in the aftermath of the 2nd World War. The first step was to ensure Economic Cooperation between countries trading with each other’s in Europe. 1948 - 1952 Marshall Plan: European Economic Cooperation. The plan provides know-how on financial aid and economic liberalization & integration of countries in Europe. 1952 Treaty of Paris: The European Coal and Steel Community is established by six founding members (Belgium
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