Prior to 1880‚ European rule in the African continent had mostly been restricted to the coast‚ extending a short distance inland along major rivers due to their economic interests being primarily limited to the slave trade. The start of the 1880’s saw massive increase of European nations seeking territory in Africa. Europeans seeking rights to land‚ resources‚ and trading routes in Africa had to compete with other nations‚ corporations‚ and African natives. In order to gain these rights from the
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European Parliament History Founded in 1952 as the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and renamed the European Parliamentary Assembly in 1958‚ it became the European Parliament in 1962. The first direct elections took place in 1979. The current MEPs were elected during the 2009 elections and will serve until 2014. The evolution of the Parliament is closely linked to a succession of treaties culminating in the current Lisbon Treaty. These treaties define the
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Malaysia began talks with the United States to establish a free trade agreement (FTA) between the two countries‚ with the idea of boosting bilateral trade by rolling back or dismantling tariffs and non-tariff barriers. For most‚ this seems like too much information on a subject so arcane‚ complex and dry‚ especially with our attention consumed by the World Cup in Germany and political intrigues at home. For a long time‚ external trade has been a subject best left to the Government. Many of us have
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EUROPEAN UNION‚ BINDING ACTS AND ADAPTATION OF THE ITALIAN NATIONAL LAW TO THE COMMUNITY. The Treaty of Lisbon‚ signed on 13 December 2007 by the Heads of State and Government‚ was subject to ratification by all 27 Member States of the European Union. Article. 6 of the Treaty provided that it came into force on January 1‚ 2009‚ if by that date all Member States have deposited their instruments of ratification‚ otherwise on the first day of the month following the deposit of the instrument of
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OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION: INTERROGATING THE OIL COMPANY’S ADHERENCE TO ARTICLE 40 ON COMMUNITY COMPENSATION Indigenous communities across the globe have been victims of unwarranted exploitation by private investors in the search for among others oil and gas. Whenever governments and oil companies intend to enrich themselves from the oil revenue‚ history has indicated that voiceless citizens are subjected to inhuman treatment and torture‚ deprivation of their indigenous community rights‚ disruption
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Part 1: The slave trade was conducted by the Europeans in order to raise their profit of sugar plantation‚ and they cornered Africans into a harsh situation during and after the voyage. From the early 1500’s to the early 1600’s‚ the Europeans increasingly bought slaves from Africans who needed weapons and other food supplies for their ongoing wars. To maximize the profit‚ the captains of slave ships wanted to carry as many healthy slaves for as little cost as possible by choosing either a loose or
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Exploration and Colonization (14921763) 1. Compare and contrast the impact that political‚ economic‚ and social factors had on the development of TWO of the following regions: The Spanish Colonies‚ New England‚ The Chesapeake‚ The Middle Colonies‚ The Southern Colonies. New England Colonies Most migrants were Puritans who believed in the “purification” of the Church of England The Great Awakening first began here and spread Lacked religious toleration and often banished dissenters
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AUGUST 2007‚FIRST DRAFT Services provisions in regional trade agreements: stumbling or building blocks for multilateral liberalization? Carsten Fink World Bank Marion Jansen* WTO Paper presented at the Conference on Multilateralising Regionalism Sponsored and organized by WTO - HEI Co-organized by the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) 10-12 September 2007 Geneva‚ Switzerland The views expressed in this paper are the authors’ own and cannot be attributed to the World Bank‚ the WTO
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The European Court of Justice as an actor of European Integration Context The European Court of Justice is the institution of the European Union which encompasses the whole judiciary. It is seated in Luxembourg and is was established in 1952 as the Court of Justice of the European Coal and Steel Communities for the interpretation of the Treaty of Rome. Indeed‚ its main function is to ensure that the law is observed in the interpretation and application of the Treaties. Since its establishment
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European Custom Law. The Customs Union is one the bases of the European Union and an essential element in the functioning of the unified market. The unified market can only function when there is a common application of common rules at its external borders. This implies that the 27 Customs administrations of the EU must act‚ as they were one. These common rules go beyond the Customs Union as such‚ and extend to all aspects of trade policy‚ such as preferential trade‚ health‚ environmental
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