4. VITAMIN CARTEL CASE 4.1 EU INVESTIGATION FINDINGS According to the World Trade Organization (WTO) (2001)‚ in 1989 two European vitamins manufacturers Roche and BASF started the cartels. They decided to increase the prices of vitamins A and E gradually to a geographic division to the world’s markets. Roche and BASF skillfully garnered over seventy percent of sales in these markets and later successfully co-opted their principal rivals‚ Rhone-Poulenc and Eisai. Through 1991‚ these four companies
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TURKEY’S POSITION AT EUROPEAN UNION AND TURKISH IMPRESSION IN GERMANY Introduction Countries tried to show their power and sovereignty with hard power. But now we are living in a century that soft power can be more powerful than hard power. Cultural diplomacy is one of the strongest soft power items of last century. With right strategy of cultural diplomacy‚ a new image of a country can be created at other countries. This can affect so many statistics of a country in a positive way‚ such as
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EXPLAIN THE CHANGING SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WESTERN EUROPEAN UNION (WEU) When the subject of the Western European Union and its position in the evolving European security environment was raised at a discussion of current issues at NATO in 1993‚ it was described simply as being a "paper tiger" incapable of responding to future crises 1 However the status of the WEU has changed rapidly‚ particularly with the European Community (EC) agreement at Maastricht defining new responsibilities for the organisation
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instance when a company that is situated outside the European Union makes agreements with companies that are situated in the EU. This is found in the cases United Brands Co. v. Commission1 and Europemballage Corp and Continental Can Co. Inc. V. Commission2 United brands is an American company which exports the ‘Chiquita’ bananas globally‚ including the EU. The Court has ruled that the company was abusing their dominant position. Once selected European distributors/banana plantation operators have
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What is the impact of European Union membership for the Republic of Ireland? Ireland’s decision to join the European Union has had quite an impact on the county. Firstly it provided the Republic with a stage on which to assert its independence from Britain‚ which it relied upon (almost to fault) too heavily for trade. Having said this‚ many believe that it put the final nail in the coffin of the Ireland in which De Valera had envisaged‚ that being the God-fearing rural people who eschewed the excess
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The Indo-European Language Family: A Definition Today‚ nearly half of the population of the world speaks a language from the Indo-European language family. The Indo-European language family has been expanding all across the globe for the last five thousand years. Languages of the Indo-European language family generally sound like and closely resemble English‚ as well as they do other Indo-European languages. “Only 140 of the modern world ’s 5‚000 tongues belong to this language family‚ but their
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U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges SUMMARY The United States and European Union (EU) share a huge and mutually beneficial economic partnership. Not only is the U.S.-EU trade and investment relationship the largest in the world‚ it is arguably the most important. Agreement between the two economic superpowers has been critical to making the world trading system more open and efficient. Given a huge level of commercial interactions‚ trade tensions and disputes
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Parliament and Lobbyists Introduction Attempts to influence Government by individuals‚ organizations‚ political parties‚ leaders‚ social campaigners and other interest groups take place in every country by various means‚ such as approaching the elected representatives‚ lobbying‚ petitions‚ legal remedies‚ public protests‚ campaigning‚ etc. In a democracy people have the right to convey their grievances and express their views and seek changes in policy or entail other necessary response from the
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are the advantages and disadvantages of the European Union? What are the implications of the European Union on military and economic affairs? The European Union is a system that was created to help form a unity‚ and strengthen European states. After two ruinous world wars and the extension of Soviet power‚ many people recognized the need for some form of European unity(Perry‚ Berg‚ Krukones pg. 458).The European Union was originally formed from the European Coal and Steel Community. The community was
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For Greece‚ membership in the European Union has meant a sense of security and belonging. It has also brought Greece closer to its ideal of becoming a more western country. However‚ as most human endeavors‚ the process has not been free of problems. Greece has an identity one could describe as distinct from other Western countries. For example‚ they practice Orthodoxy rather than another form of Christianity as most Western European countries do – and‚ further‚ some academics (give a couple of names
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