Report on Costa v ENEL The following report gives a short overview on the judgment of the European Court of Justice of 15 July 1964‚ the so called Costa v ENEL case. Besides the judgment itself the report also refers to the treaty on European Union and the treaty establishing the European Community as well as to the book “Comparative Law in a Changing World”. Due to article 234 (ex 177) EC‚ giving the European Court of Justice the jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings concerning among others the
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doctrine developed by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) whereby individuals can rely on the direct effect of provisions in the Treaties‚ which confer individual rights‚ in order to make claims against other private individuals before national courts. By virtue of the doctrine of the ‘direct effect’ of Treaty provisions‚ individuals can rely directly on EC law before their national courts. There is no need for implementation of EC law by Member States through national law. The ECJ’s creation of the
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National Farmers’ Union v. Secretariat General du Gouvernement (Case C-241/01) Court of Justice of the European Communities (ECJ) 22 October 2002 PARTIES: National Farmers’ Union and Secrétariat général du gouvernement Interveners: British Government and European Commission FACTS: In 1996‚ the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a progressive neurological disease‚ widespread in the United Kingdom. After that a link between this and a variant of a particular disease affecting human beings
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Labor Laws and Unions Walmart is one of the biggest retail stores in the world. Walmart operates worldwide with current total count of its stores reaching 9.667 stores worldwide (Walmart Corporate‚ 2011). Interestingly‚ Walmart is an organization that is currently non-unionized. This paper will provide brief background information on Walmart organization. Legal issues and obstacles that Walmart could encounter will also be identified. The writer will determine which federal‚ state‚ or local laws
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a publication of THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE IN KOSOVO Public Procurement in Kosovo Challenges of the Business Community This project has been implemented with the support of Published by the American Chamber of Commerce in Kosovo © American Chamber of Commerce in Kosovo‚ 2012 All rights reserved. All the written and visual materials contained herein are the exclusive property of the American Chamber of Commerce in Kosovo. This material may be reproduced and otherwise utilized for
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Labor Laws and Unions HRM 531 November 29. 2012 Patricia Hudson University of Phoenix Labor Laws and Unions The national labor union movement extend deep into early American history; rising in the late 18th century along with America’s Declaration of Independence. In pursuit of happiness‚ workers organized to improve and protect their employment conditions. One of many American labor unions includes the Bakery‚ Confectionery‚ Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers’ International Union (BCTGM);
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Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (Honours) Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong April 2006 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am grateful to Mr.Barreira‚ Antonio J.‚ Associate Professor‚ Department of Accountancy and Law at the Hong Kong Baptist University for his invaluable assistance‚ counsel and acute criticism. His zero-tolerance attitude for mediocrity has led to innumerable improvements of this paper. Thanks are also due to a number of my friends who generously
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most unionized in the nation. They stated that 87 percent of their employees belong to a union. (Brancatelli‚ 2008). Southwest Airline provides low-fare with friendly customer service; they also don’t charge first two luggage. These reasons help Southwest became a big competitive in airlines industry. Same as other company‚ Southwest Airlines also face some legal issues and obstacles by being part of a union. The case Gregory Wilson reported that the company only hire female for flight attendant
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INTRODUCTION The first three paragraphs of the question deals with the free movement of goods within the European Union‚ under which I will be discussing the meaning of measures having equivalent effect to quantitative restriction (MEQR)‚ breaches under Article 28 EC and derogations under Article 30 EC or under the rule of reason in the case of Cassis de Dijon. The Lisbon treaty has changed the EC numbering but I will be making reference to the old numbering throughout the essay. In the third
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Regulations 1992 and their Application within Occupational Therapy London: COT Commission of European Communities (1989a) Council Directive 89/391/EEC on 183/1-9 Commission of European Communities (1989b) Council Directive 89/654/EEC on the workplace Brussels: Official Journal of the European Communities No. L 393 Commission of European Communities (1989c) Council Directive 89/655/EEC on Commission of European Communities (1990) Council Directive 90/269/EEC on the minimum health and safety requirements
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