Ancient moral theory explains morality in terms that focus on the moral agent. These thinkers are interested in what constitutes‚ e.g.‚ a just person. They are concerned about the state of mind and character‚ the set of values‚ the attitudes to oneself and to others‚ and the conception of one ’s own place in the common life of a community that belong to just persons simply insofar as they are just. A modern might object that this way of proceeding is backwards. Just actions are logically prior to
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(definitions on page 7): ethics morality descriptive ethics normative ethics metaethics applied ethics instrumentality intrinsically valuable Key ideas: principle of universalizabitlity principle of impartiality Be familiar with The Euthyphro by Plato (pages 16-19) - know Euthyphro’s definition of piety - understand that this is a debate regarding whether or not ethics is an objective or subjective discipline Be familiar with Common-Sense Religion by Daniel Dennett (pages 19-21)
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As a Christian‚ St. Augustine (354-430 AD) couldn’t believe that the soul preexisted creation despite his ties to Neoplatonists‚ who held disdain for the material world. Philosophy had a purpose geared towards the religious and the ethical because God’s truth is that He is a priori‚ or prior to experience‚ in his existence. His work expressed his belief that happiness can be achieved when Faith is preceding and Understanding is succeeding: an individual cannot understand if he first does not believe
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Bibliography: Works Cited Epic of Gilgamesh‚ The. London: Penguin Books Ltd‚ 1972. Plato. Five Dialogues: Euthyphro‚ Apology‚ Crito‚ Meno‚ Phaedo. Trans. G.M.A. Grube. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company‚ Inc‚ 1981. Word Count: 1159
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Paper #1 In A Critique of Utilitarianism‚ Bernard Williams argues that when following a Utilitarian approach for moral dilemmas‚ Utilitarianism might have us sacrifice or modify our moral integrity. Williams explains this argument with a hypothetical execution situation with protagonist Jim. Jim‚ who is a botanical expeditionary‚ accidentally wanders in the central square of a small South American town. There‚ he finds twenty Indians tied up in a row‚ with several armed soldiers standing in front
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RELIGION AND MORALITY (i)Examine the views of scholars concerning the idea that religion and morality are linked. In this essay I am going to be looking at all the different view points on why some people may think religion and morality are linked. I will talk about a few things that link them such as conscience‚ divine command ethics‚ Kant ’s view and Aquinas ’ view. Many people believe that morality is based upon religion and the rules written in the Bible and other holy books‚ although some
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Ross Carroll rcarroll@sfu.ca Experiencing Society (120) Consequences of Conformity “Man is born free‚ and everywhere he is in chains” (Jean Jacques Rousseau‚ Social Contract‚ 1762). From the moment of birth‚ man is burdened with an immense social pressure to act within social guidelines that are considered acceptable. Whether they truly are beneficial or not is irrelevant. Influences such as the government‚ the media‚ and religion force us not only to abide‚ but to believe in these guidelines
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An Tran Professor Nathan Poage PHIL 1301 July 15‚ 2013 Apology: Is Socrates Guilty or Innocent? The Apology is Plato’s accurate depiction of the Socrates’ own defense at the trial provoked by Meletus. However‚ besides current accusers‚ Socrates has to speak out to defense against former accusers who have created prejudices of him for long time. Former accusers prosecute Socrates for “studying things in the sky and below the earth” and “[making] the worse into the stronger argument” (Plato 18b-c)
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What is Philosophy? Philosophy often appears to be one long debate regarding what it means to be human‚ what it even means to be. Does an individual become human or is that individual only that individual? How does being differ from to be? The fundamental capacity to understand the world outside the world of the individual and his or her internal world includes the ability to interpret‚ characterize‚ and associate what seems to be singular things or‚ at least‚ singular groups of things. Understanding
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Discuss Plato’s arguments for recollection in the Meno; what puzzle is recollection supposed to solve? Deliberating on knowledge according to Plato’s Phaedo and Meno‚ respectively‚ the term “knowledge” lacks the one definition that encompasses in totality what knowledge is and what it entails. Philosophers have‚ for a long time‚ been at task to find the one definition that would cover knowledge completely‚ but that definition is still elusive. Socrates also contradicted himself when it came to
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