Describe and evaluate gender schema theory. (8 marks +16 marks) Martin and Halverson (1981)‚ like Kohlberg‚ believed that gender development involves acquiring information about one’s own gender. However‚ Martin and Halverson argued that children start to learn about gender – appropriate behaviour before gender constancy is achieved. They claimed that basic gender identity (gender labelling) is sufficient for a child to identify him/herself as boy/girl and take an interest in what behaviours are
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Describe and evaluate the theories of Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic approach as an explanation of human behaviour. In the evaluation summarise and evaluate one other approach as an alternative explanation of human behaviour. This essay aims to describe in detail the theories of Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic approach to the explanation of human behaviour. The writer will evaluate these theories and present them in terms of their strengths and weaknesses. The essay will also include a brief description
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Outline and evaluate Bowlby’s theory of attachment (12 marks) Bowlby was an evolutionary Psychologist who believed that attachment is a part of evolutionary behaviour and focus on an animal’s instinctive and innate capabilities‚ and the functions of their behaviour. They believe this is useful for learning about human instinctive and biological behaviour. Attachment behaviour keeps a young animal or human safe. It is behaviour seen in all species of animal. Many species of animal form rapid attachments
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While many theories have been established through the years‚ the Control Theory established and researched by Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi in 1990 has inspired a large amount of research and proposed the most likely reason that people commit crimes. In addition to their initial theory‚ Harold Grasmick also presented another facet‚ the Self- Control Theory‚ claiming that people commit crimes simply because they lack the capacity to use self- control. These theories are both considered psychological
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Outline some of the theories which seek to explain an area of development in the child. Drawing upon observations that you have made in schools‚ discuss the significance and evaluate these theories for the teacher in planning effective learning situations. Justify your answer with specific examples from your own experience and your reading. Theories surrounding language development within infants and young children and how these theories differ in their ideas. Language is a systematic means
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No other social control theory has been so studied‚ cited‚ researched‚ and critiqued as has been the theory Hirschi presented in his book “Causes of Delinquency.” As was indicated above‚ Hirschi was profoundly influenced by his reading of Durkheim’s book “Suicide.” To develop his own theory‚ Hirschi took the Durkheim assumption that we are all animals and “thus naturally capable of committing criminal
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Control Theory The Control Theory can also be used to explain the crimes committed by Briere. Control theorists begin with the premise that all people will commit crimes if there are not adequate social controls to prevent it. The question therefore would not be why did Briere grab Holly on that fateful spring day‚ but what prevented him from doing it prior to his 35th year. According to Detective Greenaway‚ one of the most sobering revelations during the investigation of this offence was the discovery
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Social control theories focus on the influences that assist the regulation of human behavior and which lead to conformity with the “rules” of society. The influencers include family‚ community‚ school‚ faith‚ values‚ and beliefs. The essence of control theory is that people will be less likely to deviate if they are integrated into mainstream institutions. The less people connecting to the conventional values of society‚ the more likely it is that deviance will occur. Does the existence of societal
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Introduction This case study will be looking at a 15 year old boy named Bill‚ who has an extensive history of drug related crimes‚ including theft. Bill is currently serving a two year sentence in youth detention‚ however he has previously had community based sentences and other contact with the criminal justice system. Bill has a serious substance abuse problem which began at the age of 9 years old. Bill first started using cannabis‚ however went on to using LSD‚ ecstasy and heroin at times‚
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A Book Review Barbarians At The Gate The Fall of RJR Nabisco By Bryan Burrough and John Helyar Barbarians at the Gate has been called one of the most influential business books of all time - the definitive account of the frenzy that overtook Wall Street in October and November of 1988 from the leveraged buyout of RJR Nabisco‚ Inc. by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. for $24.9 billion. It was the largest takeover in Wall Street history. It was co-written by Bryan Burrough and John Helyar
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