Origin: mid 16th century (in the philosophical sense): from late Latin contingentia (in its medieval Latin sense ’circumstance’)‚ from contingere ’befall’. When something is contingent it is subject to chance. The contingency‚ or situational‚ approach to management theory and practice emerged in the early 1960s from organizational research conducted in the United States and England. With the arrival of the sixties came the expansion of markets based not on the introduction of new products but rather
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Essay Outline It has often been claimed that photography displaced painting. Evaluate the arguments for and against this position. * Arguments of Photography displaced painting For: * As technologies improve simultaneously‚ photography become more easy to use and common * In 19th Century when Camera Obscura improved‚ photography became a preferred alternative for portrait because it is less time consuming manner with minimal financial expenses. * A better documentation tool
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5. What is meant by an integrative approach to project management? Why is this approach important in today’s environment? According to Gray‚ Clifford F and Larson‚ Erik W (2008)‚ “An integrated project management process that focuses all project effort towards the strategic plan of the organisation and reinforces mastery of both the project management tools/technique and interpersonal skills necessary to orchestrate successful projects completion. For some organisations‚ integrating projects
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The Sociology of Personal Relationships Has intimacy been transformed in contemporary society? Discuss with reference to a relationship between a couple Intimacy‚ in the context of a relationship between couples‚ is widely accepted to mean the closeness shared between two people‚ Chambers dictionary defines it as ‘knowing a lot’ about each other. A deeper look reveals that it involves both sexual and emotional intimacy‚ most commonly heterosexual couples. Although intimacy can be interpreted differently
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The performance management cycle is another tool used to measure and monitor performance through professional supervision. As mentioned above it is important to plan in supervisions‚ it means setting performance expectations‚ this can be in one-one supervisions or group supervisions for individuals to focus their efforts towards achieving organisational objectives. It is important that staff are involved in the planning process as they will gather a better understanding of the overall goals of the
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2.1‚ 2.2 and 2.3. a) Give an explanation of how children and young people’s development is influenced by: - a range of external factors (poverty and deprivation‚ family environment and background‚ personal choices‚ looked after/care status‚ education) - a range of personal factors (health status‚ disability‚ sensory impairment‚ learning difficulties) b) Explain how current practice is influenced by: - theories of development (cognitive (e.g. Piaget)‚ psychoanalytic (e.g. Freud)
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The Concept of ‘New public management Approach’ New public management (NPM) denotes broadly the government policies‚ since the 1980s‚ which aimed to modernize and render more effective the public sector. The basic hypothesis holds that market oriented management of the public sector will lead to greater cost-efficiency for governments‚ without having negative side-effects on other objectives and considerations. The last two decades to 2006 have been associated with a fundamental shift in the principles
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Introduction to Materials Management The efficiency of any manufacturing organisation depends on the availability of component parts and materials in the proper quantity‚ quality‚ price‚ range and time. Failure in any of these areas increases costs and decreases profit as certainly as outmoded production methods or ineffective selling techniques. This simple but obvious point has only recently come to be properly understood. This book presents the principles‚ methods and strategies that represent
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CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT ON MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT METHODS INDEX 1. Compensation a. Components of Compensation System 2. Wages and Salary 3. Employee Benefits a. Types of Employee benefits b. Types of Employer Provided Employee Benefits 4. Employee Appraisal and Assessment a. Types of Employee Appraisal b. Types of Assessment Methods 5. Employee Services 6. Safety and Health a. Measures for Employee safety
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Course work Title: Evaluate the role of transportation in the development of tourism Coursework Due Date: 2nd MARCH 2012 Word count: 1‚568 Tourism is one of the words used all over the world nowadays. According to WTO (world tourism organisation) tourism is “traveling to and staying in places outside usual environment for not more than 1 consecutive year for business‚ leisure and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within
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