PARTICIPATORY METHODS By Dr. Linda Mayoux ABSTRACT: PARTICIPATORY METHODS Participatory methods should be an integral part of any impact assessment for enterprise development. Their use is necessary to addressing the concerns of both the sustainable livelihoods approach and the human rights approach in DFID-funded enterprise interventions. Participatory methods are now well developed in relation to project-level impact assessment. CONTENTS: Introduction Section 1: WHAT ARE PARTICIPATORY METHODS? PRINCIPLES
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.(i=1‚2‚3‚4: j=A‚B‚C) Cij= Shipping cost per container from distribution center I to customer j Subject to‚ ∑XiA=600 ∑XiB=500 ∑XiC=500 ∑X1j=450 ∑X2j=600 ∑X3j=350 Xij= integer The VAM penalty cost is given by‚ The initial allocation in VAM method is made in the row or column that has the highest penalty cost. In following table‚ column C has highest penalty cost i.e. $350. and we choose cell 4C. Iteration 1) A B C Hongkong Singapore Taipei Supply Penalty 1 LA 300 210 340 450 90
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Loftus and palmers Aims and context Loftus was concerned with how subsequent information could affect an eyewitness testimony (EWT) which is a legal term‚ referring to the use of eyewitness to give evidence in court. EWT can be influenced by misleading information in terms of both visual imagery and wording of questions. This could lead to faulty or incorrect convictions. If someone is imposed to new info during the interval between witnessing the event and recalling it‚ this info may have marked
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Different assessment methods available within NVQ’s in the transport industry. Most of my job requires me to record evidence of a person carrying out their daily work routine and sees me recording them doing it using a range of assessment methods. The main assessment method that I prefer to use is Holistic. The reason I prefer using this method above other methods available to me is because it allows me to record any evidence as I see it occur in the workplace naturally. As no two assessments
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The websites employs logos‚ pathos and ethos. People hope for better world and therefore this website appeals to people’s hope by showing how they shop in a smart way to ensure that they make the world a better place. The creator of the website persuades consumers to be socially and environmentally responsible for better world. He shows the truth in the argument that better world can be achieved through this and this makes sense to the audience directed to. The creator of the website has worked
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As an interior design student at Kingston University‚ I have gained practical skills and a heightened awareness of the made environment and how we inhabit it. The design ethos at Kingston University is summarized as ‘thinking through making’‚ which illustrates that experiencing and experimenting is the essential route to learning. We design and make cities and environments that structure our lives‚ and those of others. As Winston Churchill once stated‚ “We shape our buildings and afterwards our building
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The Socratic Method of teaching is one that has survived throughout many decades. The Socratic Method was started by Socrates‚ a Greek Philosopher. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy‚ the philosopher Socrates remains‚ as he was in his lifetime (469–399 B.C.)‚ an enigma‚ an inscrutable individual who‚ despite having written nothing‚ is considered one of the handfuls of philosophers who forever changed how philosophy itself was to be conceived. Socrates wrote nothing about his work
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Glossary Babbie Chapter 1 Human Inquiry and Science epistemology Science of knowing; systems of knowing methodology Science of finding out; procedures for scientific investigation Agreement reality Things we “know” as part of our culture; both assists and hinders us (tradition‚ authority) Errors in inquiry - Inaccurate observations - overgeneralization (few similar events –> evidence of pattern?) - selective observation (focus on things that fit our idea‚ ignoring the rest) - illogical
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employee motivation. However‚ because of the invalid ordering of human needs‚ cultural diversity‚ and different levels of economy‚ Maslow’s hierarchy of needs cannot be used in current Chinese business to motivate employees. This essay will critically evaluate the viability of Maslow’s theory. It begins with a brief introduction and some support of the theory‚ then gives the arguments against it‚ finally anticipates some doubts and dispute about it. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs hypothesizes that there
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Numerical Methods Questions 1 f(x) = x3 – 2x – 5 a) Show that there is a root β of f(x) = 0 in the interval [2‚3]. The root β is to be estimated using the iterative formula ‚2 5 2 0 2 1 1 = =++ x x x n n b) Calculate the values of x1‚ x2‚ x3‚ and x4‚ giving your answers to 4 sig fig. c) Prove that‚ to 5 significant figures‚ β is 2.0946 2 Use the iterative formula n n n cox x x − =+ 1 1 With x1 = 0.5 to find the limit of the sequence x1‚ x2‚ x3
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