THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE AND THE SUPREMACY OF EC LAW I. INTRODUCTION In the making and promulgation of Community law‚ the European Court of Justice (ECJ) plays a crucial role. Many of the fundamental doctrines of EC law are not to be found in the Treaties‚ or secondary EC legislation‚ but in the case law of the European Court. No provision of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) contains an express term regulating the issue of the supremacy between the Community and the various
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An organization’s effectiveness is dependent on its communicative competence and ethics. The term “Organizational Effectiveness” can be used interchangeably with the concept of “Organizational Development”‚ especially when used as the name of a department or part of an organization’s Human Resources. Organizational development is an ongoing‚ systematic process to implement effective change in an organization and is known as a field of applied behavioral science focused on understanding and managing
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Evaluate economic and environmental issues involved with farming practices that increase productivity. Farming is considered by many as the first major step towards civilisation. Without it we would all still be hunter-gatherers. Over the millennia farming has become steadily more efficient and productivity has increased. Better productivity is constantly sought after in an effort to reduce losses so more money can be made. Better productivity is defined as an increased rate of biomass creation
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Evaluate the effectiveness of the jury system in the criminal trial Juries exists in the criminal trial to listen to the case presented to them and‚ as a third‚ non-bias party‚ decide beyond reasonable doubt if the accused is guilty. For the use of a trial by juror to be effective‚ no bias should exists in the jurors judgments‚ the jurors should understand clearly their role and key legal terms‚ and the jury system should represent the communities standards and views whilst upholding the rights
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“Access the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in dealing with young offenders” The criminal justice system’s aims to be effective in dealing with young offenders. Youths have the highest tendency for rehabilitation and most continue there lifestyles obeying the law as they mature. There are several factors prompting juvenile crime. These are psychological and social pressures which are exclusive to teenagers. This leads to an increase of young people diobeying the law and running into
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defendant can be found liable for damages. 3. Strict (absolute) liability is the fact that liability is maintained despite any intent‚ recklessness‚ negligence‚ or any other kind of wrongfulness. A strict liability tort refers to situations where a party is liable for injuries no matter what precautions were taken. The tortfeasor
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Superpower Relations 1943-1991 The Breakdown of the Wartime Alliance The Breakdown of the wartime alliance Although allies‚ cracks were already appearing in the Soviet-American alliance by 1945. Stalin was particularly suspicious of Britain’s policy before the war of appeasement‚ which he thought aimed secretly to encourage Hitler to attack Russia. He was also unhappy with the US/British failure to open up
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The first of the two theories was put forward by Byrne and Clore in 1970. They named this theory about the formation of relationships the Reward/Need Satisfaction Theory. Their theory suggests that we are attracted to people we find satisfying to be with. This can be demonstrated by asking people why they are attracted to their partner‚ the usual answers are: caring‚ supportive‚ affectionate or just good fun. We‚ as humans‚ are motivated to seek stimuli that are rewarding to us. We are equally
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Marriage is a state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or a wife in a consensual and contractual relationship recognised by law. When it comes to Hindu Law‚ marriage is termed as a sacred relationship. Marriage is both a sacred as well as a contractual relationship. Marriage is a contract creating status. Even in Hindu law though marriage is a sacrament it is also in a sense a civil contract. According to Hindu Marriage Act‚ a marriage can take place between the two consenting
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’The Bachelor’ mansion‚ hung out in a hot tub in the middle of nowhere‚ had a serious talk with Ben and got private concert. This date showed the depth of their relationship and that Ben feels comfortable enough to talk about personal information‚ while also having a fun time. Caila already had the first date breakdown where she had stronger feelings than the other women. However‚ there’s no time to cry when a date card has arrived. The group date was about Soccer
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