term cost of production refers to the ‘money expenses’ incurred in the production of a commodity. But money expenses are not the only expenses incurred on the production of a commodity. There are number of services and inputs such as entrepreneurship‚ land‚ capital etc.‚ which are offered by an entrepreneur without changing any price or receiving any payment for them. While computing the total cost of production‚ allowance should be made for such expenses. It is therefore essential to have clean
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THE COST AND SALES CONCEPT Cost is defined as a reduction in the value of an asset for the purpose of securing benefit or gain. Cost is defined in a hotel and restaurant as the expense to a hotel or restaurant for goods or services when the goods are consumed or the services are rendered. KINDS OF COSTS 1. Fixed costs – are those that are normally unaffected by changes in sales volume. They are said to have little direct relationship to the business volume because they do not change
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1. The chief economist for Argus Corporation‚ a large appliance manufacturer‚ estimated the firm’s short-run cost function for vacuum cleaners using an average variable cost function of the form. AVC= a + bQ+ cQ^2 (the 2 is suppose to be exponent) Where AVC=dollars per vacuum cleaner and Q=number of vacuum cleaners produced each month. Total fixed cost each month is $180‚000. The following results were obtained: Dependent Variable:AVC R-Square
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that a consumer faces both budget constraints in graph (a) and graph (b) on two different occasions. If her income has remained constant‚ what has happened to prices? a. The price of X in graph (a) is higher than the price of X in graph (b). b. The price of Y in graph (a) is higher than the price of Y in graph (b). c. The prices of both X and Y are lower in graph (a). d. None of the above is true. ANS: A 3. Refer to Figure 21-1. Assume that a consumer faces the budget constraint shown in graph
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The historical cost accounting is an accounting technique that values an asset for balance sheet purposes at the price paid for the asset at the time of its acquisition. It is usually used in combination with other measurement bases. For example‚ inventories are usually carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value‚ on the other hand marketable securities are usually carried at market value‚ and entities prefer to carry pension liabilities at their present value. The main advantage of using
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service of the common good of all.” Mahatma Gandhi BUDGET 2009-10 July 6‚ 2009 1 http://indiabudget.nic.in Key Features of Budget 2009-2010 CHALLENGES ! ! ! to lead economy to high GDP growth rate of 9 per cent per annum at the earliest to deepen and broaden the agenda for inclusive development to improve delivery mechanisms of the government. OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMY ! ! ! Growth rate of Gross Domestic Product dipped from an average of over 9 per cent in the previous three fiscal
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BUDGET FOOTBALL ITEMS DETAILS (RM) QUANTITY AMOUNT (RM) EXPECTED INCOME: CIMB 700 700 Fee (RM160 per team) 160 8 1280 TOTAL EXPECTED INCOME 1980 EXPECTED EXPENSES: Publication and Promotion Poster 1 25 25 Handbill 0.05 200 10 Flyers 0.10 150 15 Banner 40 1 40 Special Task Nametag 2 30 60 Prizes : 1st 200 1 200 2nd 100 1 100 3rd 50 1 50 Hampers 50 8 400 Certificates
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5 / ¼.5= .67%/ 22%= 3.05 Ch 22 #7 1. Key Question A firm has fixed costs of $60 and variable costs as indicated in the table on the following page. Complete the table and check your calculations by referring to question 4 at the end of Chapter 23. 1. Graph total fixed cost‚ total variable cost‚ and total cost. Explain how the law of diminishing returns influences the shapes of the variable-cost and total-cost curves Graph AFC‚ AVC‚ ATC‚ and MC. Explain the derivation and shape of each
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Economic Cost of “Power Outages” By Dr. Aisha Ghaus-Pasha Table of Contents Page No. 1. Causes of Power Outages 1 2. Quantifying Outage Costs 2 3. Incidence of Outages 4 4. Pattern of Direct Costs 5 5. Types of Adjustments to Outages 5 6. Extent of Recovery of Output 6 7. Total Outage Costs to the Industrial Sector 6 8. National Costs of Load Shedding 7 9. Policy Implications 9 9.1. Investment in Power Sector 9 9.2. Load Management
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Operating Budget Final Paper Padube09 ACC 206 Jacob Gordon March 25‚ 2012 ACC206 Final Paper An operating budget helps to organize and manage the costs and income to run your business. It helps a company to understand day to day costs and income for the company. “A detailed projection of all estimated income and expenses based on forecasted sales revenue during a given period usually one year.” (Operating budget) Overall it is a great way to ensure that the company can see if it is set
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